ANP II ch 24 hw

What is the primary function of the overall reactions of cellular respiration? to metabolize nutrients to produce proteins to regenerate ATP to oxidize glucose

to regenerate ATP

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient? carbohydrates minerals vitamins ATP

ATP

__________ is the primary hormonal regulator of the postabsorptive state. Insulin Cortisol Parathyroid hormone Glucagon

Glucagon

Which of the following pathways is incorrectly matched with a description? Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures glycolysis: splitting of glucose molecule anabolism: building larger molecules from smaller ones citric acid cycle: aerobic pathway

Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures

Which type of nutrient functions primarily as an energy source for cells? oxygen vitamins minerals carbohydrates

carbohydrates

Which of the following nutrients is NOT matched with one of its functions in the body? proteins: structural materials of the body lipids: major energy source for skeletal muscle and hepatocytes vitamins: act as coenzymes carbohydrates: can serve as hormones

carbohydrates: can serve as hormones

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. formation of sugar conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water

conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Glucose can be obtained from ________. glycogenolysis protein anabolism lipogenesis triglyceride anabolism

glycogenolysis

The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. gluconeogenesis lipogenesis glycogenesis lipolysis

lipolysis

The citric acid cycle occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. cytosol; aerobic mitochondria; aerobic cytosol; anaerobic mitochondria; anaerobic

mitochondria; aerobic

Which of the choices below is NOT a mechanism of heat production? shivering vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels enhanced thyroxine release sweating

sweating

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? vitamin D vitamin K vitamin B vitamin A

vitamin B

__________ refers to reactions in which small molecules are combined to build larger molecules. Anabolism Carboxylation Metabolism Catabolism

Anabolism

Redox reactions __________. are characterized by one substance's gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron do not occur under physiological conditions are characterized by the exchange of water molecules rarely involve enzymes

are characterized by one substance's gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron

Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. glycogen is broken down to release glucose glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water glycogen is formed glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules

glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules

Which of the following provides a good source of complex carbohydrates? chicken breast grain vegetable oil fruit

grain

Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state? growth hormone epinephrine insulin thyroid hormone

insulin

Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? derived only from legumes and other plant material must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet derived from meat and fish only

must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth

Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? lactic acid production substrate-level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation oxidation reactions

oxidative phosphorylation

The term metabolism is best defined as ________. the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories

the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body

The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. triglycerides fatty acids phospholipids cholesterol

triglycerides

When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly ________. ketone bodies urea acetyl CoA ammonia

urea