ANS Meds Practice Questions

The nurse who is working in the genitourinary surgical division of the health center has an order to administer bethanechol to a patient. Which of the following statements by the patient would require the nurse to hold the medication and notify the prescriber? A. "I was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism this year." B. "I have not eaten any breakfast." C. "I have not urinated for 6 hours." D. "My mother was allergic to bethanechol."

A. "I was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism this year." rationale: Bethanechol is contraindicated in clients who have been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems? A. Acetylcholine activates muscarinic receptors. B. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes a decrease in blood pressure. C. Acetylcholine activates adrenergic receptors. D. Norepinephrine activates cholinergic receptors.

A. Acetylcholine activates muscarinic receptors.

When the client has a cholinergic overdose, the nurse anticipated administration of which drug as the antidote? A. atropine B. bethanechol C. ambenonium D. metoclopramide

A. atropine

A drug that has the same effects on the body as stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system is described as: A. cholinergic B. sympatholytic C. antiadrenergic D. parasympatholytic

A. cholinergic rationale:

When the body is exposed to high concentrations of substances that stimulate their function, the resulting decrease in beta-adrenergic responsiveness is called which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. desensitization B. downregulation C. fight or flight D. norepinephrine reuptake

A. desensitization B. downregulation rationale: When chronically exposed to high concentrations of substances that stimulate their function, the beta receptors decrease in number and become less efficient in stimulating adenyl cyclase. The resulting decrease in beta-adrenergic responsiveness is called desensitization or downregulation of receptors.

Functions stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. digestion B. excretion C. catabolism D. anabolism

A. digestion B. excretion D. anabolism

Activation of the parasympathetic system will result in which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. dilation of blood vessels in the skin B. decreased heart rate C. increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract D. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi

A. dilation of blood vessels in the skin B. decreased heart rate C. increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract D. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi rationale: Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system will result in dilation of blood vessels in the skin, decreased heart rate, increased motility of the gastrointestinal system, and constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi.

The sympathetic nervous system is also called the A. fight-or-flight system B. eat-drink-and-rest system C. autonomic nervous system D. somatic nervous system

A. fight-or-flight system

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system will result in which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. increased rate and depth of respiration B. pupil dilation to aid vision C. increased blood pressure and heart rate D. increased urine output

A. increased rate and depth of respiration B. pupil dilation to aid vision C. increased blood pressure and heart rate rationale: Effects of the sympathetic nervous system include increased arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, pupil dilation to aid vision, and increased rate and depth of respiration.

Because of the action of antihistamines on target tissues, these drugs are effective in producing which of the following actions? (Select all that apply.) A. inhibiting vascular permeability B. reducing pruritus C. minimizing edema formation D. preventing histamine release

A. inhibiting vascular permeability B. reducing pruritus C. minimizing edema formation rationale: Antihistamines are effective in inhibiting vascular permeability, and they also reduce edema formation and pruritus associated with histamine release. They do not prevent histamine release or reduce the amount released.

During a teaching session for a patient who is receiving a respiratory inhaler that stimulates beta2 receptors in the respiratory tract, the patient asks why he needs to take the inhaler. The best response by the nurse is that the effect of a beta2 receptor is: A. prevention of bronchospasm B. reduction of sputum production C. maintenance of respiratory rate D. suppression of cough

A. prevention of bronchospasm rationale: Drugs such as terbutaline have been developed to stimulate beta2 receptors in the respiratory tract and produce bronchodilation (a desired effect) with decreased stimulation of beta1 receptors in the heart (an adverse effect).

Epinephrine effects on respiration: A. stimulation B. inhibitory

A. stimulation

A drug that has the same effects on the human body as stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is called which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. sympathomimetic agent B. adrenergic drug C. beta-adrenergic agonist drug D. alpha-adrenergic blocking agent

A. sympathomimetic agent B. adrenergic drug C. beta-adrenergic agonist drug rationale: Drugs that have the same effects on the human body as stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system include sympathomimetic, adrenergic, and alpha- and beta-adrenergic drugs.

The nurse realizes that cholinergic agonists mimic which parasympathetic neurotransmitter? A. dopamine B. acetylcholine C. cholinesterase D. monnoamine oxidase

B. acetylcholine

The nurse receives an order to administer diphenhydramine. This medication is recommended for use in which of the following? A. premature or full-term infants B. adults to prevent allergic reactions C. children with chickenpox D. children with a flulike infection

B. adults to prevent allergic reactions rationale: Diphenhydramine is indicated in adults to prevent or treat allergic reactions.

Blocks cardiac isoproterenol effects: A. terbutaline (Brethine) B. esmolol (Brevibloc) C. atropine D. mecamylamine (Inversine)

B. esmolol (Brevibloc) rationale: Beta 1 "selective" agonist would block isoproterenol effects. Propranolol or timolol, "non-selective" beta receptor agonists might be more effective.

Alpha agonist: vasoconstriction and elevates blood pressure: A. metoprolol (Lopressor) B. methoxamine (Vasoxyl) C. terbutaline (Brethine) D. ipratropium (Atrovent)

B. methoxamine (Vasoxyl) rationale: relatively pure alpha1 receptor agonist; causes vasoconstriction and reflex bradycardia. metoprolol is a beta blocker

Pressor effects of epinephrine are blocked by this drug ("epinephrine reversal") A. propranolol (Inderal) B. phentolamine (Regitine) C. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) D. metoprolol (Lopressor)

B. phentolamine (Regitine)

The nurse has administered bethanechol to a patient who has not voided in 8 hours. What is the priority assessment following the administration of bethanechol? A. Assess the patient's blood pressure in 2 hours. B. Assess the cardiac status every 15 minutes. C. Assess the patient's urinary output in 1 hour. D. Assess the patient's fluid intake for 24 hours.

C. Assess the patient's urinary output in 1 hour. rationale: The nurse should assess the client's ability to void in 1 hour after the administration of bethanechol.

The nurse realizes that beta 1 receptor stimulation is differentiated from beta 2 stimulation in that stimulation of beta 1 receptors leads to which condition? A. Increased broncholdilation B. Decreased uterine contractility C. Increased myocardial contractility D. Decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles

C. Increased myocardial contractility

The nurse should be prepared to administer which of the following drugs as an antidote to cholinergic drug overdose? A. epinephrine B. diphenhydramine C. atropine D. propranolol

C. atropine rationale: Atropine is an antidote for cholinergic drugs.

Drugs activating this receptor are used in treating asthma: A. beta 1 adrenergic B. muscarinic cholinergic C. beta 2 adrenergic D. nicotinic cholinergic

C. beta 2 adrenergic rationale: beta-2 adrenergic receptor activation cause bronchodilatation

The nurse working in the emergency department anticipates an order of a severe allergic reaction with anaphylaxis, knowing that the drug of choice for severe allergic reactions with anaphylaxis is which of the following? A. diphenhydramine B. cimetidine C. epinephrine D. loratadine

C. epinephrine rationale: Epinephrine, rather than an antihistamine, is the drug of choice for treating severe anaphylaxis.

A 40-year-old patient is taking bethanechol for urinary retention. The physician increases the dosage from 30 to 40 mg. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse assess? A. pulmonary edema B. bronchospasm C. orthostatic hypotension D. pulse deficit

C. orthostatic hypotension rationale: As the dose of bethanechol is increased, the client is at risk for orthostatic hypotension.

Activates alpha receptors: A. isoproterenol (Isuprel) B. propranolol (Inderal) C. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) D. terbutaline (Brethine)

C. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Most likely to increase myocardial afterload: A. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (decreases angiotensin II concentration) B. propranolol (Inderal) C. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) D. low-dose epinephrine

C. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) rationale: purely α 1 receptor agonist —> ↑BP

Epinephrine effects on the heart A. increased rate B. decreased contractility C. coronary vasodilation D. A & C

D. A & C

The nurse is administering a cholinergic agonist and should know that the expected cholinergic effects include which of the following? A. Increased heart rate B. Decreased peristalsis C. Decreased salivation D. Increased pupil constriction

D. Increased pupil constriction

Decreases blood pressure: A. propranolol (Inderal) B. mecamylamine (Inversine) C. phentolamine (Regitine) D. all of the above

D. all of the above