Six Sigma
The Master Black Belt owns the processes that are being improved by LSS.
False
The benchmarking process has four steps.
False
The central limit theorem states that, regardless of the population shape, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a beta distribution if the sample size is large enough.
False
The expected profit is the sum of the total number of outcomes of profit divided by their probabilities.
False
The release of the iPhone 7 is an organizational driver in the health care industry.
False
The visual factory is usually video surveillance.
False
When using the 5 whys method, it is best to work alone to focus
False
When using the 5 whys method, it is best to work alone to focus.
False
When using the 5 whys method, it is recommended that the total whys do not exceed 5 when trying to determine the root cause.
False
Suppose you believe that there is a statistical difference between the test scores of juniors and seniors in a high school economics class. The null hypothesis (H0) is that the mean scores of juniors (μj) is = to the mean scores of seniors (μs) (also noted as H0: μj = μs). What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?
Ha: μj ≠ μs
Which of the following is true about a type II error?
It is a conclusion that the population has not changed when in fact it has.
Which of the following is true about a type II error? Question options: a) It is a conclusion that the population has not changed when in fact it has. b) It is a conclusion that the population has changed when in fact it has not. c) The mean of population A is not equal to the mean of population B. d) Mu = 100.
It is a conclusion that the population has not changed when in fact it has.
A DMAIC team is struggling to reach consensus agreement on which improvement is best to deliver the desired project results. A good tool for this situation could be a ______________.
Solution selection matrix
What is the key benefit of the XY matrix?
It looks at the effect of an input variable across several key attributes of the output variable.
____________ was responsible for providing a wake-up call to the world about the capabilities of the Lean Production system that Toyota was using and how good it was. Question options: a) W. Edwards Deming b) James Womack and Daniel Jones c) Malcolm Baldrige d) Joseph Juran
James Womack and Daniel Jones
_________________ primarily focused on quality management by suggesting that leadership is responsible for activities like establishing a quality council, serving on quality improvement teams, and revising the reward and recognition system. Question options: a) Joseph Juran b) Philip Crosby c) Armand Feigenbaum d) Frederick Winslow Taylor
Joseph Juran
The ___________ is the exact opposite of the null hypothesis and contains all of the other possibilities.
Mixture
Jim wants to put counts of defects over a constant size of data on a control chart. Which of the following choices is the best control chart to use?
NP chart
Value is defined by ____________________.
The customer
Which tool shows at a glance what sub-projects will be carried out and which employee will be held accountable for making sure the work assignments are completed?
Tree diagram
Your project team is creating a SIPOC. You should _______________________. Question options: a) not include the suppliers who are already doing a good job b) be very detailed about how the process works c) only include the most important customers d) none of the above
None of the above
Marsha needs to determine which of her Xs are critical. Which of the following is the best tool/method for this situation?
OFAT
A control chart is an acceptable tool to determine the "voice of the process"?
True
A good tool to use while planning a construction project would be an activity network diagram (arrow diagram).
True
A potential pitfall of convenience sampling is that the samples may not be representative of the process.
True
A process decision program chart (PDPC) is one of the seven management and planning tools.
True
A project charter is similar to a contract between the project and the organization that defines resources, expectations, and boundaries.
True
A value-added vs. non-value-added analysis is a method of looking at process steps from the customer's perspective.
True
After randomly selected samples from a population are measured, the resulting data are analyzed to produce descriptive statistics.
True
Alpha risk is also referred to as a Type I error.
True
Assumptions are factors considered to be true, for which there is no underlying proof.
True
Bob notices that he has only point above the upper control limit. Based on the common rules to detect special cause, this process is potentially out of control.
True
Julien is trying to determine his variable type in order to select the proper statistical tests. He is measuring the grade level of a student, which he believes should be a discrete variable. Is he correct?
True
Kanban provides a signal system for controlling or balancing the flow of parts, material, and information.
True
Lean manufacturing tools are often used in the Improve Phase of a Six Sigma project.
True
Level loading is also known as heijunka.
True
Malcolm Baldridge served as the 26th United States Secretary of Commerce.
True
Mapping the process is a great way to visually document the process flow.
True
On-the-job training is an acceptable form of training as part of the roll out of a new process.
True
Operational definitions are crafted as VOC data and are refined and translated into product/service requirements.
True
POUS is when materials, tools, information, or anything else needed to perform the work are stored at the workstation.
True
Perfection is defined as continuously improving.
True
Poka Yoke works on eliminating the cause of defects and detecting them before they reach the production line through source inspection.
True
Resolution is the capability to differentiate between samples to the extent necessary to make a decision.
True
Risk is defined as an undesirable situation or circumstance that has both a likelihood of occurring and a potentially negative outcome.
True
Scatter diagrams can be used to plot dependent vs. independent variables.
True
Your team wants to determine how to best meet customer requirements. What tool would be best to accomplish this task?
QFD
Bill's boss is skeptical of the choice to use random sampling as he wants to ensure the "right" data are chosen for the analysis. Which of the choices below is the best message that Bill can communicate to his boss to explain what this method is all about?
Random sampling ensures that every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
The formula Y = mx + b is the mathematical equation for a line and is used with which Lean Six Sigma Tool
Simple linear regression
The "drum" is the process bottleneck or constraint.
True
The Define Phase in the DMADV framework gathers customer needs and metrics to measure success.
True
The PERT chart is a variation on the Critical Path Method that focuses on time estimates for individual tasks rather than a complete set of interdependent activities.
True
It is reasonable to guess that the weather in Europe and the average final grades of fifth graders in Indiana have a Pearson correlation coefficient closest to _________.
0
A process has a USL of 10, a LSL of 8, and a standard deviation of 2. What is the Pp?
0.1666
The effect of one of the factors in an experiment is called the main effect
True
A process at a large biotech manufacturing facility goes through a four-step process with the following yields: .9, .95, .8, and .99. What is the RTY?
0.677
The format of the project closeout report varies depending on the type of project.
True
In order to limit the scope of a typical Lean Six Sigma project, it should have _____ final deliverables?
1
It is reasonable to guess that the daily hours an individual spends working out and a person's daily number of calories burned have a Pearson correlation coefficient closest to ___________.
1
If the most optimistic time for a task to complete is .5 days, the most likely time for a task to complete is 1 days, and the most pessimistic time is 1.5 days the expected days to compete is?
1 day
If the calculated power is 90%, the beta risk is ____________.
10%
The measurement device you are using for your Green Belt project has shown increased variation over time. This is an example of poor stability.
True
The postal service routes letters at a rate of 1,000 per minute. Two types of defects can occur. The number of occurrences of each defect type over the same period are as follows: - Misread zip code: 1 - Misread postage value: 2 Based on this data for a minute, what is the DPMO?
1500
The mode is the most frequently occurring value of a data set.
True
Judy is trying to remember the standard deviation of a process. The USL is 20, the LSL is 10, and the Cp is .833. What is the standard deviation?
2
The operators are inconsistent in their interpretation of the measure. One area to investigate would be the operational definition of the measure.
True
The opportunity statement provides the vision for the outcome of the project.
True
The solution prioritization matrix is a more complex matrix where the solutions are ranked according to the team-agreed criteria.
True
The terms bottleneck and constraint are often used interchangeably.
True
The vertical distance of each data point from the regression line is called the residual.
True
Today a remote control for a television is a must have while in 1970 it was a delighter.
True
Typically, you set your confidence level at 95%. When you set it at 90%, your confidence intervals become tighter.
True
Under the Lean concept, there are eight wastes that exist in business (products or services).
True
When calculating reproducibility, you should use inspectors with varying experience.
True
A golf ball manufacturer produces 200 golf balls per minute. Three types of defects can occur. The number of occurrences of each defect type over the same period is as follows: - Core material faulty: 1 - Cover is scratched: 1 - Numbering not readable: 2 Based on this data for a minute, what is the DPU?
2%
If the calculated power is 80%, the beta risk is ____________.
20%
What is the PPM if the DPU is .2?
200,000
When you are unable to measure the entire population, you typically take a sample to represent the population.
True
While a data sheet should be kept simple, it is a good idea to follow up with the person collecting data to be sure they understand.
True
If a DOE has two levels and two factors, how many runs are in this experiment?
4
With a Lean layout, work centers are grouped by product families or groups of products that share common processes.
True
What is the minimum number of distinct categories necessary to pass a variable gage R & R?
5
What is the PPM if the DPU is .5?
500,000
You are having trouble getting buy-in and support on your Green Belt project. A stakeholder analysis would help you identify if you are getting the support necessary and who you need to move to a higher level of support.
True
You can use a project status report to convey or assist in making decisions and authorizing changes.
True
You have just completed collecting the voice of the customer in your Green Belt project. You can now translate customer comments into measurable statements called critical to x (CTx) metrics.
True
lead time is the total elapsed time for one item to make it through the system from the initial step to customer delivery.
True
A process at a large aerospace manufacturing facility goes through a three-step process with the following yields: .9, .95, and .8. What is the total yield of this process for a shift if 1,000 units are inputted?
684
The purpose of the Six Sigma Improve Phase is to _________________________
??
Two tools that can facilitate selecting solutions are __________________
?? impact/effort matrix and solution selection matrix
The ___________ is the exact opposite of the null hypothesis and contains all of the other possibilities.
Alternative hypothesis
Who is recognized as the father of Total Quality Management?
Armand Feigenbaum
Process_____________ are a good way to ensure that the process is being run the way it was intended.
Audits
Which of the following is an input into the Analyze Phase? Question options: a) SIPOC b) baseline measure of process capability c) draft charter d) project plan
Baseline measure of process capability
A correlation coefficient __________________. a) is used to measure the linear relationship between two variables b) assumes a value between -1 and +1 c) assumes the set of data follows a straight line d) all of the above
D) all of the aboce
The purpose of defining the interim deliverables is ______________________. Question options: a) determining the deliverables that will be produced before the final deliverable is completed b) assigning accountability to individuals for the production of each interim deliverable c) determining the schedule delivery date d) both a and c e) both a and b
E) both a and b
Who returned to Toyota after a visit to Ford in the United States with the confidence that Toyota could be competitive in the automotive industry?
Eiji Toyoda
A data sheet is used to capture the location of the defects.
False
A rectangle on a flow chart signifies a decision point.
False
As they relate to DOEs, replicates are the values of a factor that we are interested in testing.
False
Lower control limits are calculated based on customer requirements.
False
Sampling events must occur within individual subgroups.
False
You are planning a meeting to identify value from the customer's perspective. Which of the following tools are you likely to use? Question options: a) VOC tree, CTQ tree, and SIPOC b) Kaizen and Blitz c) Improve and Control d) DOE, MSA, and FMEA
VOC tree, CTQ tree, and SIPOC
Jill is managing a large call center that takes 2,000 calls per hour. She wants to track the wait times of callers by collecting three concurrent samples per hour each day. Which of the following is most appropriate?
XBarR
Jim needs to identify the potential root cause of a problem. A tool that can be used in this situation is _______________.
a 5 why analysis
Jim needs to identify the potential root cause of a problem. A tool that can be used in this situation is _______________.
a 5 whys analysis
The definition of a process is _____________________________.
a collection of related, structured activities that produce a product or service that meets the customer's needs and requirements
According to Womack and Jones, Lean thinking starts with _______________________.
a conscious attempt to precisely define value
The goal of your Green Belt project is to reduce the number of defects. In order to gather data to focus your effort, you plan to use a ________.
a defect or cause check sheet
Scatter diagrams best represent strong correlation by ____________________.
a tight grouping around a trend line
Womack laid out five guiding principles for Lean. Which of the following is one of the five principles?
a) Pursue to perfection.
According to Womack and Jones, Lean thinking starts with _______________________.
a) a conscious attempt to precisely define value
The purpose of the Six Sigma Improve Phase is to _________________________. Question options: a) generate and test possible solutions b) select the best solutions c) design an implementation plan d) a and b e) a, b, and c
a, b, and c
The benefits of quick changeover include which of the following? Question options: a) running smaller batch sizes b) reduced inventory c) increased machine capacity d) all of the above
all of the above
The effect of proposed process changes on the wider system must be taken into consideration If not, it is possible there could be __________. Question options: a) unintended consequences b) upset stakeholders c) negative results downstream in the process d) all of the above.
all of the above
You are designing a new product. Which of the following tools are you likely to use during this process? Question options: a) Quality function deployment (QFD) b) TRIZ c) Design of experiments (DOE) d) Taguchi methods/robust engineering e) all of the above
all of the above
The seven wastes addressed by MUDA include ___________________________. Question options: a) overproduction b) motion c) defects d) both a and c e) all the above
all the above
Which of the following are subgroups of total productive maintenance. Question options: a) autonomous maintenance b) planned routine maintenance c) predictive maintenance d) all the above
all the above
Significance level is also referred to as _______.
alpha risk
The ___________ is the exact opposite of the null hypothesis and contains all of the other possibilities.
alternative hypothesis
Which of the following is an input into the Control Phase?
an improved process that is stable and predictable and meets customer requirements
You are going to lead a team session to identify non-value added activities. Which of the following questions would not help you identify the non- value added steps?
b) Should the person doing that step be laid off?
When an inspector consistently measures higher than the standard is an example of _________.
bias
Comparing the defect rate of two different processes is an example of a _________ experiment.
binomial
You want to construct a check sheet. Who should be involved in determining the categories on the check sheet in a milling operation? Question options: a) accounting b) purchasing c) process owner d) milling operators e) c and d
c and d
Jody is working with attribute data. Based on this limited information, which of the following is the best control chart type for this situation?
c chart
If a process has reached Six Sigma level, how many defects does it produce?
c) 3.4 DPMO
Susie is trying to determine the root cause of a problem. She starts by running various hypothesis tests using available data. While using hypothesis tests is helpful for determining critical Xs, based on the provided information, what has Susie left out? Question options: a) identifying potential Xs b) screening potential causes c) both a and b d) None of the above
c) both a and b
Marsha is working on a complicated issue regarding fuel leakage. She is struggling to understand which aspect of this problem she should tackle first. The best tool for this situation is a ______________________. a. process map b. DOE c. decision matrix d. decision and control analysis
c. decision matrix
The ____________ is the level of confidence at which you believe the data sampled actually represents the entire population or process.
confidence level
Which of the following is an output of the Control Phase?
control plan
Marsha needs to determine which of her Xs are critical. Which of the following is the best tool/method for this situation? a) fishbone b) control chart c) CPK d) OFAT
d) OFAT
A project charter is a part of which phase of a Six Sigma project?
define
Scoping of a project is completed in the ______ phase.
define
Linear regression is a tool that will help ______. Question options: a) identify value-added vs. non-value-added work b) baseline measure of process capability c) determine the relationship between a continuous process output (Y) and one factor (X) d) calculate standard deviation
determine the relationship between a continuous process output (Y) and one factor (X)
You are preparing for a team meeting that will determine the non-value-added activities. Which of the following questions should you ask the team to determine if a step is adding value? Question options: a) Does the step transform the item going through it? b) Would the customer be willing to pay for that step to be done? c) Was this step done right the first time? d) both a and c e) all the above
e) all of the above
Bob walks into a meeting on a DOE that is going to be conducted. He overhears the Black Belt say that the DOE will test the quantity of nickel and the sensitivity setting at high and low levels. In this situation, the quantity of nickel and the sensitivity setting likely are _________________.
factors
Bob walks into a meeting on a DOE that is going to be conducted. He overhears the Black Belt say that the DOE will test the temperature and sensitivity setting at high and low levels. In this situation, the temperature and the sensitivity setting likely are ______________.
factors
It is a best practice to state the null hypothesis before choosing the hypothesis test type you will use.
false
It is sometimes acceptable to determine the significance level after running the hypothesis test in QI Macros.
false
Sampling and stratification are the same thing.
false
Activity network diagrams are used to _______.
find the most efficient path to complete a project
The final yield of the process is a measure of ____________________________.
how many units are ultimately processed without any defects
Bob is dealing with discrete data and the samples are without replacement. Based on this information, what is the likely probability distribution?
hypergeometric
The FMEA is used most often in which of the following phases of DMAIC?
improve
A team is fiercely debating which improvement ideas should become a reality. As the project leader, a good way to take the emotion out of a charged situation is to ____________________________.
make the decision with a solution selection matrix
Womack laid out five guiding principles for Lean. Which of the following is one of those five principles?
make value flow
You want to identify, analyze, and rate the strength of relationships between two or more sets of information. Which of the following should you use?
matrix diagram
Which of the following is a type of DOE?
mixture
A risk priority number (RPN) in an FMEA is established by multiplying which of the following components?
occurrence, detection, and severity
Before Joe selects the proper statistical tools to use in the Analyze Phase, it is best that he determines the right ___________ during the Measure Phase.
probability distribution
Task time, cycle time, and inventory measures are best described as _____________________.
process flow metrics
On the left side of a Gantt chart runs a column listing all of the_______________.
project activities
The following are all examples of tools used to mitigate or understand risk except __________________. Question options: a) SWOT analysis b) FMEA c) feasibility study d) project charter
project charter
The benefits of creating continuous flow include _______________________.
reducing throughput time
The Lean methodology focuses on ___________.
removing waste
A scatter diagram is used to _______________.
study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of variables
Brad is collecting a sample every 100th item produced on an assembly line. This is an example of _________.
systematic sampling
A hypothesis test examines two opposing hypotheses about a population, which are __________________.
the null and alternative hypotheses
Brad wants to collect data at each step in the process. He decided that a good way to collect data as a part flows through the cleaning phase of the process is to put a data collection sheet in the crate in which the part travels. This is an example of using what?
traveler check sheet
A SWOT analysis can be a good tool to assess the risk(s) associated with a project.
true
A p-value is the actual risk of being wrong when saying that a difference exists, which is typically set at 0.05.
true
A project leader wants to ensure her improvements are going to be effective and deliver the desired results. A pilot study could provide verification.
true
When running a DMAIC project, it is a good practice to involve all stakeholders to try to eliminate _________________.
unintended consequences
When running a DMAIC project, it is a good practice to involve all stakeholders to try to eliminate _________________. Question options: a) efficiency b) fallout c) unintended consequences d) None of the above
unintended consequences
A DMAIC team is struggling to reach consensus agreement on which improvement is best to deliver the desired project results. As a next step, based on the information provided, the leader should recommend _________________.
utilizing a solution selection matrix
Bob is given some key items from a regression analysis. The regression equation (i.e., fitted line) is (Monthly Irrigation Spent per Acre) = 20 - .5 * (Monthly Rainfall in Inches). The R^2 in this same analysis is .99. Using this equation to predict an outcome, what monthly irrigation spending could Bob expect if it there was no rain in a given month?
$16/acre
Bob is given the following key items from a regression analysis. The regression equation (i.e., fitted line) is (Monthly Irrigation Spent per Acre) = 20 - .5 * (Monthly Rainfall in Inches). The R^2 in this same analysis is .99. Using this equation to predict an outcome, what monthly irrigation spending could Bob expect if it rained four inches in a given month?
$18/acre
A flag manufacturer has already launched a new product that will potentially gain two new customers, US Flag Inc. and USA Flags LLC. The company estimates that there is a 50% chance of signing each new customer post-launch. The profitability of each customer is roughly $1m. The projected increase in profit is ___________.
$1mil
A scuba diving equipment manufacturer has already launched a new product that will potentially gain two new customers, Scooby Dude Inc. and Scuba Steve LLC. The company estimates that there is a 25% chance of signing each new customer post-launch. The profitability of each customer is roughly $1m. The projected increase in profit is ________.
$500k
Your project has an attribute measure as the project Y. Which of these is an attribute measure?
% defective
It is reasonable to guess that rain and the irrigation bill of a farmer in the same region have a Pearson correlation coefficient closest to ____.
-1
A business tracks the cost for every audit they conduct. They wish to put this on a control chart. Which of the following control charts is the most appropriate?
IMR
You are preparing to run a pilot for new machine settings. Which phase of the DMAIC process are you in?
Improve
You are in the process of scoping and creating a project charter for a Lean Six Sigma project. What tools would be helpful?
SIPOC
Order sizes have declined in your company. One way to combat this problem would be to implement ___________________________.
SMED
A process at a large aerospace manufacturing facility is a three-step process with the following yields: .9, .95, and .8. What is the RTY?
0.684
It is reasonable to guess that the number of hours spent studying and the final grade in a class have a Pearson correlation coefficient closest to _________.
1
Genichi Taguchi is credited with the creation of the single minute exchange of die (SMED) and stopping processes as soon as defects occur.
False
Given the nature of both tools, the solution selection matrix is a much simpler tool compared to the impact/effort matrix.
False
High standard deviation represents a tightly controlled process.
False
If there is a high level of variation among DOE factors, it would be wise to have no replicates in a DOE.
False
If you have a choice between judgement sampling and convenience sampling, you should choose judgement sampling.
False
In order to collect enough data, you must always collect at least five data points.
False
Increases in inflation would be an example of a controllable organizational driver.
False
It is acceptable to conduct an audit only by interviewing employees.
False
It is okay to perform data stratification after the data are collected.
False
It is sometimes acceptable to determine the significance level after running the hypothesis test in QI Macros.
False
It is unnecessary to establish scoring criteria for each element/column of the decision matrix
False
It is unnecessary to establish scoring criteria for each element/column of the decision matrix.
False
James Womack founded the Lean Enterprise Academy in the United Kingdom.
False
Jerry wants to collect data to form a subgroup over a longer period of time that cuts across multiple shifts in an operation. This is a best practice.
False
Jill is given the following key items from a regression analysis. The regression equation (i.e., fitted line) is (Monthly Irrigation Spent per Acre) = 3,000 - .5 * (Monthly Rainfall in Inches). The R^2 in this same analysis is .001. This regression equation have a good fit with the underlying data.
False
Joe wants to collect data to form a subgroup over a period of time across all shifts, including nights and weekends. This is a good idea.
False
Benchmarking against an organization in a different industry removes feelings of competition, making it easier to analyze and improve upon their own performance.
True
Bias is a measure of the bias in the measurement system.
True
Bob has a new project that he wants to start. He works in a large company so it would be wise to check previous projects' lessons learned to see if there are any similar projects/solutions that may be available.
True
Controlled documents may be in electronic and/or hard copy formats.
True
Current-state process analysis is the second step of a kaizen blitz event.
True
Examples of an efficiency measure would be those used to reduce cycle and wait time in Lean methodology.
True
Examples of descriptive statistics are the mean, median, and standard deviation.
True
Frederick Winslow Taylor advocated that management should create plans stating how the job should be done and communicate those plans to the employees.
True
Given the nature of both tools, the solution selection matrix is a more complex tool to select solutions compared to the impact/effort matrix.
True
Henry Ford helped build a factory that included vertical integration of raw materials.
True
If a business is unsure of the success of a new project, it would be wise to complete a feasibility study before undertaking it.
True
If you increase the rolled throughput yield (RTY), the cycle time will decrease.
True
In 1911 Taylor published a book titled The Principles of Scientific Management.
True
In a regression analysis, if the underlying residuals are large, it is likely that the R^2 will be closer to 1.
True
In a regression analysis, if the underlying residuals are small, it is likely that the R^2 will be closer to 1.
True
In a regression analysis, if the underlying residuals are small, it is likely that the R^2 will be closer to 1.
True
In hypothesis testing, a small p-value suggests the null hypothesis is unlikely to be true.
True
In the formula y=mx+b, b is the Y intercept
True
In this data set (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7), the mean and median are the same.
True
Inferential statistics make inferences about a populations from a sample.
True
It is a best practice to state the null hypothesis before running the hypothesis test in QI Macros.
True
It is best to establish scoring criteria for each element/column of the decision matrix.
True
It is not unusual for the initial scope of a project to start out broad and then become more specific as you gather information and data.
True
Jill is given the following key items from a regression analysis. The regression equation (i.e., fitted line) is (Monthly Irrigation P spent per Acre) = 3,000 - .5 * (Monthly Rainfall in Inches). The R^2 in this same analysis is .99. This regression equation have a good fit with the underlying data.
True
Linearity is a measure of how the size of the part affects the accuracy of the measurement system.
True
Lot size directly affects inventory and scheduling.
True
Marsha needs to determine which of her Xs are critical. Depending on the situation, using the one factor at a time method may be acceptable.
True
Marsha needs to screen the potential causes of a problem. Depending on the situation, using one factor at a time method may be acceptable.
True
Marsha used a fishbone to determine the potential root causes of a problem. This is acceptable.
True
Measuring systems analysis (MSA) determines if a measuring system can generate accurate precise data and if that data is adequate to obtain your objectives.
True
Most organizations revise the basic design of an A3 to meet their own requirements.
True
Process capability is determined through statistics, but it also considers the process/customer requirements.
True
Pull systems are based upon customer consumption and replenishment.
True
Regression is a statistical measure used to identify the nature of relationships. The R-squared value identifies how much variance from the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variable.
True
Reproducibility is the variation observed when different operators measure the same parts using the same device.
True
Several deliverables must be completed in order to deliver a final deliverable to the customer.
True
Standard deviation can be used to describe the variation of normal and non-normal data.
True
Standard work results in process steps safely carried out with tasks organized in the best known sequence and using the most effective combination of resources.
True
Systematic sampling is less likely to involve bias than judgement sampling.
True
TPM has a goal of maximizing equipment effectiveness for the lifetime of the equipment, with an ultimate objective of zero unplanned machine downtime.
True
The MP tools allow for more effective planning and decision-making when working with project teams by ensuring that everyone is actively involved in solving the problem.
True
The addition of the assembly line reduced construction of a chassis from 12 hours to two hours.
True
The central limit theorem states that, regardless of the population shape, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution (bell curve) if the sample size is large enough.
True
The effect of one of the factors in an experiment is called the main effect.
True
The equation to calculate range is: Range = x (largest data point) - x (smallest data point)
True
The impact/effort matrix is a simple four-square matrix that takes each solution and places it in the quadrant that best reflects the impact expected and the effort required if that solution were chosen.
True
Appraisers measure the same parts in a different order multiple times to capture repeatability of the test.
True
Appraisers re-evaluate the same parts in a different order to capture repeatability of the test.
True
Brad is trying to determine the Cp of a process. The USL is 10, the LSL is 2, and the standard deviation is 1. What is the Cp?
1.333
Of the options below, which Ppk is the most ideal?
1.45
A golf ball manufacturer produces 200 golf balls per minute. Three types of defects can occur. The number of occurrences of each defect type over the same period are as follows: - Core material faulty: 1 - Cover is scratched: 1 - Numbering not readable: 2 Based on this information, what is the throughput yield?
2%
A CpK value of 1.0 represents the sigma value of which of the following?
3
If a process has reached Six Sigma level, how many defects does it produce?
3.4 DPMO
A golf ball manufacturer produces 200 golf balls per minute. Three types of defects can occur. The number of occurrences of each defect type over the same period is as follows: - Core material faulty: 1 - Cover is scratched: 1 - Numbering not readable: 2 Based on this data for a minute, what is the DPMO?
6666.7
The range of a set of observations (data distribution) is __________________. Question options: a) the difference between the largest observation and the smallest observation b) a very basic (crude) measure of variability c) very simple to calculate: Range = x (largest data point) - x (smallest data point) d) all of the above
All of the above
You created a current state value stream map. After analyzing the map, you are likely to find the following causes of long lead times and a breakdown in flow. Question options: a) stopping b) waiting c) missing information (backing up) d) rework e) all of the above
All of the above
You have collected output data on a milling machine over the last four months. Which of the following tools would help you point out the special cause variation in the process?
Control chart
Control plans are only required for complicated projects. Simple projects can omit them if necessary.
False
Correlation and causation mean the same thing.
False
Susie is developing a training plan as part of the roll out of her new process. Unfortunately, the process expert is out of the office for a week, but she is being pressured to finish the project. Which of the following should be Susie's best, next step?
Explain the situation to the team, and wait a week so the expert can provide input to the training plan.
Bob walks into a meeting on a DOE that is going to be conducted. He overhears the Black Belt say that the DOE will test the temperature and sensitivity setting at high and low levels. In this situation, the temperature and the sensitivity setting likely are ______________.
Factors
Brad is conducting a hypothesis test. He set his alpha equal to .10. QI Macros indicated that the p-value is .15. What is the result of this test? Question 6 options: a) Inconclusive b) Reject the null hypothesis c) Fail to reject the null hypothesis d) both A and C
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Brad is conducting a hypothesis test. He set his alpha equal to .10. QI Macros indicated that the p-value is .15. What is the result of this test? Question options: a) Inconclusive b) Reject the null hypothesis c) Fail to reject the null hypothesis d) both A and C
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
A change in a process in the milling department will not have an effect on the assembly area.
False
A one-tailed test describes a hypothesis test that is concerned with both sides of the frequency distribution.
False
A revamped health care system would have equal impact on both the health care industry and the automotive industry.
False
A two-tailed test describes a hypothesis test that is concerned with one side of the frequency distribution.
False
Activities are shown as diamonds in a process map.
False
After completing the stakeholder analysis, you found that all the stakeholders are at the level of support you need to be successful. Given this information, there is no need to influence the stakeholders going forward.
False
After successful completion of an improvement, a Green or Black Belt embarks on the Control Phase. During this phase, the focus should be SPC. It is a best practice to capture lessons learned after the project is closed out.
False
An ANOVA compares one to two independent sample averages.
False
As the standard deviation increases, the control limits narrow.
False
Before undertaking a new project, a business is not sure if the scope is accurate. It would be wise to complete a feasibility study.
False
Before undertaking a new project, if a business is not sure whether or not it will be successful, it would be helpful to complete a process mapping exercise to assess the situation.
False
Bob is a Black Belt going through his Master Black Belt Coach's recommendations. He sees that risks must be considered when creating the project schedule. He thinks that since he basically knows these risks, he should assess them alone instead of with the team and stakeholders. This is acceptable.
False
Bob is dealing with discrete data and wants to use a statistical tool for data that fits a normal probability distribution. Is this a best practice?
False
Bob tells a new Black Belt that root cause analysis is only acceptable if you are running a Six Sigma project. This is a sound advice
False
Bob tells a new Black Belt that root cause analysis is only acceptable if you are running a Six Sigma project. This is a sound advice.
False
Company XYZ requires 100 % inspection prior to shipping, and this process is considered to be a value-added activity.
False
Company XYZ requires 100 % inspection prior to shipping, and this process is considered to be a value-added activity. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Julien is trying to determine his variable type in order to select the proper statistical tests. He is measuring the grade level of a student. He believes this to be a continuous variable. He is correct.
False
Julien is trying to determine his variable type in order to select the proper statistical tests. He is measuring the weight of a part, which he believes is be a discrete variable. Is he correct?
False
Marsha is using Poisson distribution for a dataset that is comprised of heights. Is this a best practice?
False
Marsha is using Poisson distribution for a dataset that is comprised of widget weights. Is this a best practice?
False
Marsha used a fishbone to determine the critical Xs. This is acceptable.
False
More frequent sampling will lead the project team to a better solution
False
Once assumptions are made, there is no need to analyze or monitor them going forward.
False
One of Ishikawa's principles that helped create an integrated Japanese quality model was that the walls between departments or functions should remain intact.
False
Ownership of the milling department's metrics resides in the quality department. This is an example of assigning ownership with the party held accountable.
False
Painting a part that does not require painting is an example of a value-added activity.
False
Pilot studies are most useful in DFSS projects.
False
Regression analysis is a statistical tool that finds a model for a relationship between pairs of categorical data.
False
Regression analysis is a statistical tool that finds a model for a relationship between pairs of categorical data.
False
Risk is defined as an undesirable situation or circumstance that has both a likelihood of occurring and a potentially negative outcome.
False
Risk is defined as an undesirable situation or circumstance that has either a likelihood of occurring or a potentially negative outcome.
False
The impact/effort matrix is a simple five-square matrix that takes each solution and places it in the quadrant that best reflects the impact expected and the effort required if that solution were chosen.
False
The problem statement provides the vision for the outcome of the project.
False
To create a control chart of defects over a constant size of area of opportunity (such as X defects/100), a p chart should be used.
False
When designing a new process for a heavy manufacturing environment, an example of an unintended consequence could be the planned efficiency gains.
False
When sampling with subgroups of different sizes, it may be appropriate to use an IMR chart.
False
You are conducting a benchmarking event of a world class organization. You would expect to find they only allow Master Black Belts to select projects.
False
Your organization is selecting projects that align with the current business strategy. The Master Black Belt should not be involved with this effort.
False
Which of the following is a type of waste as defined by Ohno?
Inventory
Which of the following best represents the mistake-proofing principle of Facilitation?
It employs techniques and combines steps to make the work easier.
Which of the following best represents the mistake-proofing principle of Prevention? Question options: a) It substitutes a more reliable process. b) It engineers the process or product so it is impossible to make a mistake. c) It seeks to "design out" the problem task or process. d) It seeks to minimize the effects of errors. e) It employs techniques and combines steps to make the work easier. f) It identifies errors quickly before further processing to allow a quick fix.
It engineers the process or product so it is impossible to make a mistake.
Brad is attempting to define the levels of the factors that will be tested during a DOE. During this discussion, a colleague points out that a day with excessive wind may influence one of the factors. In this case, wind is a ______________ and could be mitigated by performing this test indoors.
Noise factor
A process has a DPU of 25%. What is the TPY? Question options: a) 80% b) 85% c) 90% d) none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following best describes continuous flow production?
Product moves quickly through the system, one piece at a time without stopping for long periods of time.
An interaction is the effect of two or more factors in conjunction with one another.
True
In hypothesis testing, which of the following statements is always true?
The p-value is a probability
A business case should persuade the organization to pursue a project.
True
A change in the process in the milling department could have an effect on the assembly area.
True
A document control procedure may be helpful in standardizing how documents are maintained and controlled.
True
A good measurement system should be both accurate and precise.
True
A low R^2 indicates that the regression line's fit to the underlying data may not be good.
True
A one-tailed test describes a hypothesis test that is concerned with one side of the frequency distribution.
True
A process can be capable and out of control.
True
A process consisting of only common cause variation is a process that is in control.
True
A spaghetti diagram is a visual picture of how things or employees flow through a process.
True
A team is looking to establish process metrics. As a starting point, it is logical to measure the output of the process.
True
An audit is a good way to validate that a process or organization is meeting regulatory requirements.
True
The phrase "to effect real change, we must focus on the Xs" means that, in order to solve problems, we need to work on the inputs or causes (independent variables). The Ys or symptoms are the effect of the process and can only be monitored but not controlled.
True
The problem statement identifies the problem the project will address.
True
The purpose of using interim deliverables is to divide up the work of the project and to assign that work to sub-projects.
True
The smaller the standard deviation, the more robust the process.
True
Top-level or core processes represent what the organization wants to accomplish.
True
Two essential components of a successful balanced scorecard are making the scorecard visible and communicating progress.
True
Unlike detailed process maps or value stream maps, spaghetti diagrams are created for specific work areas and their layouts.
True
Waiting for signatures to proceed is an example of required non-value-added activities.
True
When creating a current state value stream map, teams can lose focus and map what the process should be instead of the true "as is" process.
True
When designing a new process for a heavy manufacturing environment, it is possible that death or injury could be an unintended consequence of such a change.
True
When sampling with subgroups of different sizes, it may be appropriate to use a u chart.
True
You need to make specific assignments among your team members. A deliverable schedule would be a great technique/tool to identify the assignments.
True
Your team is assigned the development of a new product. The correct methodology for this problem is Design for Six Sigma (DFSS).
True
_____________ was the quality pioneer who is credited with the post-WWII transformation of Japan and helping Japanese manufacturers achieve unheard-of levels of quality and productivity? Question options: a) Malcolm Baldrige b) W. Edwards Deming c) Joseph Juran d) Frederick Winslow Taylor
W. Edwards Deming
Who is responsible for creating process quality control and the control chart?
Walter Shewhart
he DOE tool is used to assist in ____________. Question options: a) identifying critical x variables that drive the y output metrics b) determining causal relationships between multiple variables c) a and b d) none of the above
a and b
Depending on the type of control chart used, we can _______________________. a) plot data over time b) see calculated control limit lines visually on either side of the mean c) calculate specification limits from the data d) a and b only
a and b only
A scatter diagram is used to _______________. a) study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of variables b) record a measure of an item along a scale or continuum c) travel through the process along with the product d) none of the above
a) study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of variables
5S creates benefits______________________.
a) through better workplace organization, visual communication, and general cleanliness
When creating a value stream map, _________.
a) use the eight types of waste categories to help identify waste in the process
The key element(s) of a control plan include _______________________. Question options: a) training plan b) response plan c) FMEA d) a & b only e) a, b, and c
a, b, and c
Accuracy is broken down into ____________. Question options: a) linearity b) repeatability c) bias d) stability e) a, c, and d
a, c, and d
Your team has brainstormed a large list of customer requirements. A good next step would be to combine like ideas. A technique/tool that would be ideal for this job is _____________.
affinity diagram
A balanced scorecard would include _________. a) financial measures b) internal business process measures c) learning and growth measures d) customer measures e) all of the above
all of the above
A correlation coefficient __________________. Question options: a) is used to measure the linear relationship between two variables b) assumes a value between -1 and +1 c) assumes the set of data follows a straight line d) all of the above
all of the above
In which industries do the lean tools apply? Question options: a) healthcare (maintain the flow of patients through the process) b) financial (error-proof online banking systems) c) food service (quick changeover from breakfast to lunch menus) d) all of the above
all of the above
Random variation is ___________________. Question options: a) variability of a process that is operating within its natural limits b) caused by many irregular and erratic and individually unimportant fluctuations c) caused by change factors that, in practical terms, cannot be anticipated, detected, identified, or eliminated d) all of the above
all of the above
Six Sigma is a _______________________. Question options: a) measure of performance b) leadership development program c) culture and mindset d) all of the above
all of the above
The FMEA tool can be used for which of the following purposes? Question options: a) identify and mitigate potential safety issues in a process b) identify and mitigate potential failure modes in a product c) identify and mitigate potential missed schedules in project management d) all of the above
all of the above
The benefits of a kanban system include ______. Question options: a) reducing inventory b) improving work flow c) preventing overproduction d) all of the above
all of the above
The concept of flow includes which of the following elements? Question options: a) no stopping b) no waiting c) stop missing information (no backing up) d) no rework e) all of the above
all of the above
The purpose of the control plan is to _________. Question options: a) make sure a DMAIC team does not redo the project several months later b) make sure the process owner is able and ready to take over managing the new process c) make sure the DMAIC team has documented everything needed to successfully close the project before moving on to the next project d) all of the above
all of the above
The tree diagram can be used to __________. Question options: a) show the relationships of a production process b) create new ideas in problem-solving c) outline the steps to implement a project d) a and c e) all the above
all of the above
Which of the following are benefits of 5S? Question options: a) Employees are automatically disciplined. b) Employees become proud of a clean and organized workplace. c) The resultant good company image generates more business. d) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following includes tools used in the Improve Phase of a Six Sigma project? Question options: a) FMEA b) kaizen c) pilot implementation d) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following includes tools used in the Improve Phase of a Six Sigma project? a) FMEA b) kaizen c) pilot implementation d) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following represents a reason to implement quick changeover techniques? Question options: a) They minimize waste. b) They reduce lead time. c) They reduce batch size. d) all of the above
all of the above
The process owner is finding that electronic copies of files are changing at a very rapid pace, to ensure the employees do not use an outdated, printed process, a good idea would be:
ask the document control authority in the company to insert a statement in the footer of printed copies that reminds people to check online for the most recent copy
Which of the following is not a correct statement about Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)?
b) DFSS is closely related to systems engineering
The definition of a process is _____________________________.
b) a collection of related, structured activities that produce a product or service that meets the customer's needs and requirements
In the formula y = mx + b, m is the ___________. Question 1 options: a) intercept b) slope c) coefficient d) none of the above
b) slope
Which of the following tools are considered part of the seven quality control (7QC) tools. Question options: a) gage R & R b) flow charts c) Pareto charts d) control charts e) b, c and d f) all the above
b, c and d
Marsha is working with a discrete data set. Which of the distribution choices below is likely to fit her data?
binomial or hypergeometric
Precision can be broken down into__________. Question options: a) reproducibility b) repeatability c) bias d) stability e) both a and b
both a and b
Susie is trying to determine the root cause of a problem. She starts by running various hypothesis tests using available data. While using hypothesis tests is helpful for determining critical Xs, based on the provided information, what has Susie left out? Question options: a) identifying potential Xs b) screening potential causes c) both a and b d) None of the above
both a and b
It is reasonable to guess that the number of hours spent studying and the final grade in a class have a Pearson correlation coefficient closest to _________. Question 2 options: a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) none of the above
c) 1
Susie is trying to determine the root cause of a problem. She starts by running various hypothesis tests using available data. Whileusing hypothesis tests is helpful for determining critical Xs, based on the provided information, what has Susie left out? a) identifying potential Xs b) screening potential causes c) both a and b d) none of the above
c) both a and b
The ____________ states that, regardless of the population shape, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution (bell curve) if the sample size is large enough.
central limit theorem
You have distributed the check sheet to each operator. What else should you give them?
clear instructions on the use of the check sheet
Sampling bias in data collection is the risk of ______________________.
collecting data not representative of a population
Marsha, a Black Belt leading a DMAIC project, and her team are certain which improvements they want to make but want to validate that these improvements will deliver the expected results. A great way to validate these expected results is to _____________.
conduct a pilot study
The project leader wants to ensure her improvements are going to be effective and will deliver the desired results. Which of the following is appropriate for this situation?
conduct a pilot study
Which of the following is an objective of the Define Phase? Question options: a) generate possible improvements b) confirm the scope, goals, and objectives of the project c) conduct benchmarking d) generate graphical displays of the data
confirm the scope, goals, and objectives of the project
Which two types of data are utilized in Lean Six Sigma projects?
continuous and discrete
What tool is the best one to determine the "voice of the process"?
control chart
If you had a choice between judgement sampling and convenience sampling, which would be the best fit?
convenience sampling
A defect or cause check sheet is a ____________.
count of defects by type
Output measures are referred to as Y data measures and quantify the overall performance of the process, including how well ___________. Question options: a) the customer needs and requirements are met (quality and speed) b) the company needs and requirements are met (cost and speed) c) the process meets the Sigma level targets d) both a and b
d) both a and b
You decide to use effectiveness measures to focus on what the product or service looks like to the customer so the focus will be on _______. a) lower costs b) meeting or exceeding customer requirements c) decreasing defects delivered to customers d) both b and c
d) both b and c
Bob is working on a complicated water cleanliness issue. He is struggling to understand which aspect of this problem he should tackle first. The best tool for this situation is a ______. Question 13 options: a) process map b) DOE c) control chart d) decision matrix
d) decision matrix
In which industries do the lean tools apply? Question options: a) healthcare (maintain the flow of patients through the process) b) financial (error-proof online banking systems) c) food service (quick changeover from breakfast to lunch menus) d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Bob is working on a complicated water cleanliness issue. He is struggling to understand which aspect of this problem he should tackle first. The best tool for this situation is a ______.
decision matrix
Linear regression is a tool that will help ______.
determine the relationship between a continuous process output (Y) and one factor (X)
A Pareto Chart is used to ________________.
display the relative importance of problems in a simple, quickly interpreted, visual format
These are included in Joseph Juran's leadership responsibilities needed to be successful. Question options: a) establish a quality council b) serve on the quality council c) establish quality policies d) deploy the goals e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Which of the following principles did Taiichi Ohno use to build the Toyota production system? Question options: a) just-in-time (JIT) b) kaizen c) kanban d) jidoka e) all of the above
e) all of the above
The most critical process in Company XYZ is the milling process. While they have created measures to monitor the process, they continue to struggle to improve. Which of the following is the most likely reason for no improvement. Question options: a) No standard was set. b) The measure is correlated with the milling process. c) The metric is reviewed daily. d) The metric is reviewed at the end of the quarter. e) both a and d
e) both a and d
A balanced scorecard would include _________. Question options: a) financial measures b) internal business process measures c) learning and growth measures d) customer measures e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Philip Crosby's 14 steps to quality improvement included ___________________________. a) establish management commitment b) create quality improvement teams c) measure processes to determine current and potential quality issues d) none of the above e) all the above
e) all of the above
Which of the following is an objective of the Improve Phase?
execute full-scale implementation
Vickie's boss is not sure she should be running a project because he is concerned that the benefits of new business will not outweigh the costs. Which of the following measures may be useful in evaluating this decision?
expected profit
Brad is trying to determine the proper distribution for the time customers are waiting before an appointment. In the absence of other information, a good bet may be that his data fit a __________ distribution.
exponential
Your Black Belt team is faced with a very controversial topic. You have a vested interest in the issue. Who of the following should you contact for help?
facilitator
Brad is conducting a hypothesis test. He set his alpha equal to .10. QI Macros indicated that the p-value is .15. What is the result of this test?
fail to reject the null hypothesis
A Pareto chart is another way to show the distribution curve of a data set.
false
A good representative histogram can be made with five to seven data points.
false
A two-tailed test describes a hypothesis test that is concerned with one side of the frequency distribution.
false
As they relate to DOEs, replicates are the values of a factor that we are interested in testing.
false
Juran's philosophy is that the product should be designed to be robust and insensitive to variations in the manufacturing process.
false
The ranking scale for the nominal group technique is typically 1-10.
false
Level loading is also known as ____________.
heijunka
Which of the following is an output of the Analyze Phase? Question options: a) SIPOC b) stakeholder analysis c) identification of value-added vs. non-value- added work d) project plan
identification of value-added vs. non-value- added work
The DOE tool is used to assist in ____________.
identifying critical x variables that drive the y output metrics & determining causal relationships between multiple variables
You have collected data about the frequency of defects on a milling machine. You decide to use a Pareto chart because it ________________.
illustrates the frequency of problems
Two tools that can facilitate selecting solutions are __________________.
impact/effort matrix and solution selection matrix
In the Control Phase of DMAIC, all the relevant project information is captured. To ensure that important fundamental observations are not lost, as part of the closeout for any project, ___________ also should captured.
lessons learned
One of the issues your process is dealing with is the peaks and valleys for demand each day. A technique to help with that problem would be ______________.
level loading
Due to its ability to deliver a product at a low cost, a company is considering launching a new product in an unfamiliar industry with a good amount of competition. As part of a SWOT analysis, its "strengths" must be considered. Given the situation, which of the following item(s) may be a strength?
low cost to manufacture
Process ________ can be included in the control plan.
metrics
For symmetric data, which of the following is true?
mode = mean = median
Which of the following describes the objective of a prioritization matrix?
narrows down options by systematically selecting and weighting Xs
Your project team is creating a SIPOC. You should _______________________. Question options: a) not include the suppliers who are already doing a good job b) be very detailed about how the process works c) only include the most important customers d) none of the above
none of the above
A manufacturer of widgets wants to see if its average widget heights are above the target of 34 inches. The best type of hypothesis test in this situation would be ____________________.
one-sample t-test
Bob wants to create a control chart for the number of incorrect customer billings sent to customers per day. Which of the following is the best control chart to use?
p chart
Your team has brainstormed a list of potential solutions. A tool to select the best solution would be a ___________________________.
prioritization matrix
Histograms are used to __________________.
provide a way to evaluate data distribution
Which word best describes a kanban system?
pull
After the customer requirements are collected and ranked, the next step is to compare the how's to the what's (requirements). What tool would be best for this purpose?
quality functions deployment (QFD)
The quick changeover refers to_____________.
rapidly and efficiently converting a process from running the current product to running the next product
The matrix diagram is used to ______________.
rate the strengths of relationships between two sets of data
A frequency plot check sheet is used to _______.
record a measure of an item along a scale or continuum
When you have only one operator measuring samples, you are unable to calculate _________.
reproducibility
The limitations of a histogram include ________.
requires 30 or more data points to be meaningful
The team finds a work instruction and is eager to determine if it is current. It has a revision number and authorizing signature, but no other meaningful control information. What other piece of information from a document control standpoint should be included?
revision date
An interrelationship digraph is used to _______.
search for drivers and outcomes
In Lean, a kanban system is used to __________.
signal that it is time to order or restock
The formula Y = mx + b is the mathematical equation for a line and is used with which Lean Six Sigma Tool?
simple linear regression
In the formula y = mx + b, m is the ___________.
slope
A replicate represents all of the runs of an experiment. Two replicates are two complete runs.
solution selection matrix
Brad is reviewing his control chart and discovers that he has 15 points in a row that are above the mean, but under the UCL. This would be an example of _________ that would need to be further explored.
special cause variation
FMEAs are used to _____________________.
substantially reduce costs by identifying design and process improvements
Why are solutions typically piloted prior to full implementation?
to validate improvements and minimize risks and costs
Vickie just implemented a new process; however, about a month after the project's closure she notices that not all the employees know what to do. An area that could have likely been improved during the Six Sigma project was a ________________.
training plan
One of the main purposes of the Control Phase is to _______________________.
transfer ownership back to the process owner
A scatter diagram is used to study and identify the possible relationship between the changes observed in two different sets of ____________.
variables
Repeatability is the ____________________.
variation in measurements of the same unit by the same person
Bob is dealing with a dataset comprised of time to failure data on car engines. Based on this information, which of the following distributions potentially offers the best fit?
weibull
Which of the following types of data represent continuous data?
weight
