Ansc 4009 quizzes
Why should we increase S supplementation when feeding non-protein nitrogen to ruminant diets? Select one: a. For hormone synthesis b. Because of the acid-base balance c. Because of microbial synthesis of SAA d. Because of the vitamin requirements e. We don't really need to add extra S in that situation
c. Because of microbial synthesis of SAA
The only known function of iodine is in thyroid hormones. What is the only known function of cobalt in the body? Select one: a. Superoxide dismutase b. Hemoglobin c. Vitamin B12 d. Gluthatione peroxidase e. Biotin
c. Vitamin B12
what domestic animal species loses more water through normal feces?
cattle
What is the main (highest concentration) protein in milk? Select one: a. Immunoglobulin b. Lipoprotein c. Albumin d. Casein e. Lactose
d. Casein
The following carbohydrates contain fructose in their structure, EXCEPT: a. Sucrose b. Verbascose c. Fructans d. Cellulose e. Stachyose
d. Cellulose
Which polysaccharide has more frequent branching? a. Raffinose b. Cellulose c. Lactose d. Glycogen e. Starch
d. Glycogen
where is the pancreatic juice secreted in to?
duodenum
The divalent cation transporter (DCT1) is responsible for the absorption of the following minerals into the enterocyte: a. Iron b. Manganese c. Copper d. Zinc e. All minerals in this list.
e. All minerals in this list.
The relative proportion of propionate in relation to acetate in the rumen increases with: a. Dietary fiber content b. Dietary cellulose content c. Dietary mineral content d. Dietary forage content e. Dietary concentrate content
e. Dietary concentrate content
Thiamin deficiency is rare now-a-days, unless you are an alcoholic and/or your diet consists primarily of white rice and a protein source that contains thiaminase. What protein source is that? Select one: a. Poultry b. Pork c. Beef d. Soybean e. Fish
e. Fish
Chemically, a major difference between carbohydrates and lipids is that lipids contain: a. Less nitrogen b. Less carbon c. Less hydrogen d. More nitrogen e. Less oxygen
e. Less oxygen
What hormone influences the activation of vitamin D at the kidneys to 1, 25 dihydroxicholecalciferol? Select one: a. Adrenaline b. Insulin c. Estrogen d. Calcitonin e. Parathyroid hormone
e. Parathyroid hormone
t/f intact collagen is easily digestible by enzymatic activity in the gastrointestinal tract.
false
true or false: herbivores tend to have simpler gastrointestinal tracts than carnivores.
false
Match the processes associated with each segment of the intestines: cecum-colon-
fermentation of the digesta by microbes
what is the name of the region of the stomach that secretes HCl, pepsin and rennin
fundic region
feed analyses reports may be given in both. "as-fed basis" or "dry matter (DM) basis." Nutrient contents given in DM basis are
higher than concentrations calculated in the as-fed basis
what molecules are absorbed as whole protein absorption in neonatal calves?
immunoglobulins
where is most water located in the body?
intracellular space
Match the processes associated with each segment of the intestines: duodenum-
most enzymatic digestion and absorption
what element is used to estimate the content of protein (crude protein) in a sample?
nitrogen
after the meal is ingested but is in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), are nutrients considered part of the body? why?
no if nutrients are not absorbed through the git wall, nutrients may be excreted and not utilized in the body
you received a laboratory report indicating your pasture sample contained 15% DM and 4% crude protein (CP), while the corn sample contained 89% DM and 8% CP, both on as-fed basis. Which of the two samples contains more protein on a DM basis? (requires math)
pasture sample
the step of protein synthesis that is responsible for the largest expansion of the proteome is
posttranslational modifications
why are ruminants more efficient at digesting fiber than non-ruminants?
ruminants have microbes to aid in digestion
what is the most practical approach for heat abatement of cattle in the hot and humid environment of louisiana?
soakers and fans
the following animals can be classified as omnivores, except: -pigs -chickens -bears -alligators -wolves
-alligators -wolves
what makes camels resilient animals in terms of water consumption and metabolism?
-broader range of body temp -metabolic water converted during the oxidation of body fat -limited evaporation in exhaled air -decreased sweat from the skin
How many ATPs are produced from the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under anaerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
0 Catabolism of fatty acids cannot occur under ANAEROBIC conditions.
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under anaerobic conditions via oxidative phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
0 There is no oxidative phosphorylation in ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS.
how many stomachs do ruminant animals have?
1
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under aerobic conditions via oxidative phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
102 Because In Glycolysis, there are two NADH produced, which in turn will yield 6 ATP. Then Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex will produce 2 NADH as well, making 6 More ATP. Then each acetyl CoA will produce 3 NADH and 1 FADH. Therefore for each glucose it will make 6 NADH and 2 FADH from the CAC. 6 NADH will produce 18 ATP and 2 FADH will produce 4 ATP. Adding everything up, 6+6+18+4 = 34, which is how many ATP are produced by Oxidative phosphorylation for one glucose. For three glucose it would be 102 ATP
What is the net production of ATPs obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under aerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
114 This is because the total ATP for Oxidative Phosphorylation of 1 glucose is 34 and the Total ATP for Substrate level phosphorylation is 6. This means total ATP produced per glucose would be 40 ATP. However this is asking for Net ATP, so you have to subtract the 2 ATP you put in at the beginning of glycolysis. Therefore it would be 38 ATP net. For 3 molecules of glucose that means 3*38=114
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under anaerobic conditions via substrate level phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
12 Because it is substrate level phosphorylation of ANAEROBIC conditions, you only get a total production of 4 ATP per Glucose molecule. Therefore, for 3 glucose molecules you would achieve 12 ATP.
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under aerobic conditions via substrate level phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
18 Because with substrate level phosphorylation, you get 4 ATP per glucose molecule for Glycolysis and 2 ATP from the CAC due to substrate level as well. Therefor it would be 6 per glucose, and there are three glucose.
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions via beta-oxidation (Type only the number)?
20 Through Beta oxidation, each time a 2 carbon chain is cleaved, it produces 1 NADH and 1 FADH which through oxidative phosphorylation will produce 5 ATP total. With the beta oxidation of a 10 C fatty acids there it will go through four cycles, meaning that the ATP from beta oxidation will be 20
How many stomach compartments do cattle have?
4
How many cycles of beta-oxidation are required for the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
4 This is because each cycle of beta oxidation will leave off 2 carbons so it will keep doing this until there are only two carbons left, meaning that it goes through 4 cycles.
How many acetyl-CoAs are produced from the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
5 Because each time a 2-C chain is cleaved it becomes an Acetyl CoA, so there are four cleavages, then the remaining 2-C also becomes Acetyl CoA, making 5 CoAs
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions via substrate level phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
5 Because the only way ATP is obtained from the substrate level phosphorylation of fatty acids is through CoA going through the CAC and producing 1 ATP. Thus a 10-C molecule will yield 5 CoAs and this will make 5 ATP
What is the net production of ATPs obtained from the catabolism of 3 molecules of glucose under anaerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
6 in anaerobic conditions, there are only 4 ATP produced per glucose for substrate level phosphorylation and 0 ATP produced per glucose for oxidative. However this question is asking for NET ATP so you have to subtract the 2 ATP inserted at the start, so you only net 2 ATP for the catabolism of one glucose. If there are three then the total would be 6 ATP
How many ATPs are obtained from the catabolism of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions via oxidative phosphorylation (Type only the number)?
75 Through Beta oxidation, each time a 2 carbon chain is cleaved, it produces 1 NADH and 1 FADH which through oxidative phosphorylation will produce 5 ATP total. Along with that, Acetyl CoA will also go through CAC and each one will produce 3 NADH and 1 FADH which in turn will produce 11 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. With the beta oxidation of a 10 C fatty acids there it will go through four cycles, meaning that the ATP from beta oxidation will be 20 and then there will be 5 CoAs produced which means that 55 ATP will come from CAC of Acyl CoA. In total it will be 75 ATP.
What is the net production of ATPs obtained from the complete oxidation of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid under aerobic conditions (Type only the number)?
78 The total production of ATP from Beta Oxidation of a 10-C molecule of fatty acid is 20 because it goes through 4 cycles and 5 ATP are produced per cycle. The total production of ATP for the Acetyl CoAs going through the CAC is 11 from oxidative phosphorylation and 1 from substrate level phosphorylation. This will equal 12 per acetyl CoA and a 10-C molecule fatty acid chain will produce 5 CoAs which means in total it will make 60 ATP. That means the total amount of ATP produced from complete oxidation of a 10-C molecule would be 80. However the question asks for net, and with the oxidation of fatty acids, there is a 2 ATP activation charge, therefore the answer is 78
Match the processes associated with each segment of the intestines: Ileum-
Absorption
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: Glucose →
Aldehyde
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: N-acetyl-glucosamine →
Chitin
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: Sucrose →
Disaccharide
The term paNDF represents: a. A combination of factors that influence rumination times. b. The proportion of concentrate in the pan of a Penn State Particle Separator. c. The animal body weight. d. The level of volatile fatty acids synthesized in the rumen. e. Physically effective fiber.
a. A combination of factors that influence rumination times.
Choline, a quasi-vitamin, is converted to betaine which is a source of methyl groups in the metabolism of animals. What vitamin is also associated with the transfer of single-C units for the metabolism? Select one: a. Folate b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Pyridoxine e. Biotin
a. Folate
What other major nutrient contains a carboxyl group in its molecule? Select one: a. Proteins b. Nucleic acids c. Water d. All options are correct e. Minerals
a. Proteins
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: Fructose →
Ketone
What form of lipid transported in the bloodstream accounts for the bad cholesterol? Select one: a. LDL, which is composed mostly of cholesterol b. LDL, which is composed mostly of apoproteins c. HDL, which is composed mostly of apoproteins d. Chylomicrons, which are composed mostly of triglycerides e. HDL, which is composed mostly of cholesterol
LDL, which is composed mostly of cholesterol
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: Ribose →
Pentose
Match the carbohydrates on the left column with their appropriate classifications on the right column: Hemicellulose →
Polysaccharide
_____________________ is usually considered to have one of the sweeter tastes among carbohydrates.
Fructose
Match the processes associated with each segment of the intestines: Jejunum-
absorption and some digestion
Match the processes associated with each segment of the intestines: rectum-
absorption of water
