ANTH 10001 - MODULE 1 EXAM

Which of the following is a qualitative approach in sociocultural research?

A personal observation and documentation of a ritual

Specific traits that do best in a given environment are called:

Adaptations

Which term describes the mindset or belief that one's own cultural knowledge, traditions, and beliefs are better than that of another culture?

Ethnocentrism

Anthropology is exclusively quantitative (T or F)

False

Genes move around through:

Gene flow

What is meant by the phrase "the homeyness of culture"?

It refers to the idea that culture is what is familiar and what feels like home

Early natural scientists sought to put all matter on Earth into an ordered hierarchy called:

The Great Chain of Being

Which description BEST defines the overall field of anthropology?

The biological and social context of humans in a wide range of environmental and historical contexts

Which of the following BEST defines or describes social structure?

The framework according to which society is organized, with practices that are subject to change

Natural selection primarily works on:

The phenotype

Human are still evolving (T or F)

True

Human evolution is projected to reach its peak in 1,500 years (T or F)

false

Things are the way they are because they should be that way or were destined to be that way (T or F)

false

Women are naturally more emotional than men due to a more active limbic system (T or F)

false

What term describes the return of human remains or cultural objects to the culture they originated from?

repatriation

Culture impacts biology (T or F)

true

Which description BEST defines participant observation?

A practice in which an anthropologist directly participates in the everyday life of the culture being researched

Which description BEST defines ethnography?

Attempting to understand a culture through the study of information such as historical documents, photos, and direct observation.

Why does natural selection lead to change in a species over time?

Because some emergent variations will be more successful than others, and thus that variation will proliferate.

Which term describes an anthropologist who studies the human fossil record, genetics, and evolution to answer questions about human origins?

Biological anthropologist

Which anthropologist proposed that culture was a complex system of symbols and that though studying the structure and binary opposites of these symbols, one could determine the patterns and thoughts of members of that culture?

Claude Levi-Strauss

What was the goal of salvage anthropology during the late 19th century?

Collect cultural material of peoples that were considered to be in danger of disappearing

The selling of cultural artifacts obtained illegally is an example of what?

Cultural appropriation

Which term is defined as the way humans develop culture as an adaptation to various environments?

Cultural ecology

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis brought together which two key ideas?

Darwin's Evolutionary and Mendel's Genetics

Not all mutations and variations are random but are restricted or enabled by a physical context in evolutionary history. This bias towards certain forms is called:

Developmental bias

When a species inherits a favorable environment designed by previous generations, this aid to survival is called:

Ecological inheritance

Humans are 75% nature, 25% nurture (T or F)

False

Myths are the opposite of science (T or F)

False

Scientists agree on what human nature is (T or F)

False

Using the scientific method, what would be the first step in researching an ancient burial site?

Formulating a research question

Which anthropologist was largely responsible for changing many of the misrepresentations of Indigenous people common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Franz Boas

Which event does NOT meet the criteria for being considered a rite of passage?

Going to work everyday (does count: getting married, promotion, graduating high school or college)

Who popularized social Darwinism?

Herbert Spencer

Franz Boas is associated with which school of thought?

Historical Particularism

The school of thought in anthropology that emphasizes cultures as relativistic, a result of the society's own unique history and environmental conditions is:

Historical Particularism

Which term describes the anthropological approach to understanding how the elements of culture are interconnected?

Holism

If you applied the extended modern evolutionary synthesis to study the evolution of early humans and their ancestors, you would be most interested in evidence that shows:

How archaic humans modified their environments through fire and tools

Bronislaw Malinowski proposed that the function of culture is to

Meet basic needs to survival

What is an emic perspective?

Observing a culture from the perspective of the people being studied

Which of the following is a quantitative approach in sociocultural research?

Population demographics

Which of these is not a relative dating method?

Radiocarbon dating

Which of these is NOT an example of typological sequencing?

Radiocarbon dating an artifact

Anthropologists are committed to describing and understanding the diversity of humans and their culture. Which of the following would be considered a research area of anthropology?

Researching cultural behavior as it relates to social class Exploring ancient civilizations through excavation Understanding gender roles in an indigenous society

Which movement is characterized by a return to nature, an appreciation for its beauty, and an honest expression of human emotion?

Romanticism

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of material culture?

Seashells found on a beach

Which of these is NOT an absolute dating method?

Seriation

The cultural movement that applied the ideas of the scientific revolution to the organization of society and celebrated progress and reason is called:

The Enlightenment

Which of the following is the BEST example of how anthropologists in the 19th century used Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to understand culture?

The belief that primitive culture evolve to more complex cultures

Which description BEST defines ethnocentrism?

The judging of a culture based on one's own beliefs and culture background

It is a best practice for an anthropologist to assign ownership of material collected that pertains to a cultural group to what entity?

The people being studied

The Principle of Uniformitarianism in geology states:

The same processes that are shaping the Earth today shaped the Earth in the past

What is anthropology?

The study of humanity.

The primary goal of an anthropologist is best described as which of the following?

To ethically and accurately represent a culture though the perspective and worldview of the culture studied

All humans share the same basic set of DNA, belong to Homo Sapiens, and share a common general biological history and set of the same distant ancestors (T or F)

True

All organic life on this planet changes over time (T or F)

True

Arguments in favor of human nature can be found in religious and atheistic beliefs. (T or F)

True

Culture and biology are intertwined in complex ways (T or F)

True

Cultural anthropologist Clifford Geertz used the example of winking and blinking to illustrate important aspects of culture. According to Geertz, which of these is an aspect of culture?

Winking but not blinking

Which of the following is an example of niche construction:

birds building nests out of environmental materials to house their young

A belief or ideology about the world that originates within a particular society and is agreed upon by its members as true is called:

cultural construct

Shared values, ideas, technologies, adaptation to the environment, and belief systems are best defined as what?

culture

Which are main subfields of Anthropology:

culture anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics

Development bias, plasticity, niche construction, and non-genetic inheritance are tenants of:

extended modern evolutionary synthesis

Georges Cuvier studied the bones of mammoths, mastodons, and elephants. From his comparative anatomy studies, he concluded that:

extinction happens

African Americans have higher rates of hypertension because of their enslaved ancestors were naturally selected to retain salt (T or F)

false

Anthropologists have an agreed definition of what culture is and how it looks (T or F)

false

Anthropology is holistic because it only studies alternatives to the norm: (T or F)

false

Culture shields humans from evolution (T or F)

false

Each gene controls precisely one trait (T or F)

false

Enskilment refers to the nature skulls humans are born with. They are innate (T or F)

false

Evolution happens on the level of the individual, not the population. (T or F)

false

Evolution is a force that encourages progress towards perfection (T or F)

false

Genes are the main cause of who we are (T or F)

false

Materiality refers to the writing style of cultural anthropologists: (T or F)

false

Most competition for survival comes from predatory animals higher on the food chain. (T or F)

false

Opinions of scientists are always scientific (T or F)

false

Experiencing culture firsthand rather than just through research is called:

fieldwork

A section of DNA that contains the sequence for a protein or the information for the regulation of some protein or proteins is called:

gene

Which tenant describes how genes proliferate in a population?

gene flow

If we ever send a small population of Homo sapiens to colonize Mars and they become an isolated reproductive colony, their gene pool would eventually look different from ours. This change is called:

genetic drift

Humans can simulate the behavior of others in their mind. This helps to empathize with others humans and understand their motives and is possible due to:

mirror neurons

Humans benefit from infrastructure and knowledge developed by other people-preexisting roads and houses, knowledge about medicine and food, and social norms are examples of:

non-genetic inheritance

Individual organisms can adapt to changing environmental conditions. This is called:

plasticity

The most pressure for selection on a species comes from:

the conditions of the environment

A set of hypothesis that have been tested and retested and are supported by multiple researchers over time is a:

theory

The goal of functionalism was:

to identify and describe institutions as they function to fulfill needs

Anthropologist Arnold van Gennep identified three stages in what he called "rites of passage." These stages are known as separation, in-between, and...

transition

A hurdle to combating ignorance is the current separation between academic and public knowledge (T or F)

true

All humans are influenced by their culture and social worlds (T or F)

true

Cultural Evolution and Functionalism contributed to rationalization and implementation of colonization. (T or F)

true

Cultural constructs affect how we live and how we treat others (T or F)

true

Culture in humans aids them in making sense of their experience and the natural world (T or F)

true

Darwin did extensive fieldwork in South America (T or F)

true

Human babies at birth are underdeveloped compared to other mammals (T or F)

true

In order to understand the holistic human experience you need to draw from many different disciplines to explore the many facets of social life: (T or F)

true

Individual members of any species vary somewhat from one another in physical and behavioral characteristics (T or F)

true

Our actions shape and influence the people around us (T or F)

true

Social constructions feel real to the people that practice them: (T or F)

true

The human species is remarkably similar in terms of their genes, but once we look at individuals, they are diverse because of alleles (T or F)

true

There is more to evolution than just chance (T or F)

true

To understand and bust myths about human nature, we need to draw on many different disciplines (T or F)

true

Where we grow up, who we talk to and hang out with, and our formal education play a role in determining our culture (T or F)

true

Worldviews vary based on geography, kinship affiliation, historical context, and education (T or F)

true

Which of the following creates new variation?

Mutation