ANTH 1003 Midterm

Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language?

Allen and Beatrix Gardener

The progression of ancestral forms leading to modern-day humans, the earliest being first, is which of the following sequences?

Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus,, Homo sapien

Studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as

Cultural Relativism

An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize: A. a commitment to doing no harm B. the rejection of clandestine research C. responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Anthropologist Nancy Munn's studies of the symbols of the Walbiri Aborigines of the Northern Territory of Australia showed that the Walbiri created meaning in their rituals through which of the following? A. singing and chanting about mythological stories B. using repetitive symbols, often in slightly different contexts C. telling stories about the dreamtime, when the ancestors created the world and everything in it D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Anthropologists Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson made a detailed study of skirt length over the 300 years prior to World War II. Which of the following characterizes their conclusions? A. many aspects of women's dress styles changed during every period B. although skirt length is generally shorter in recent decades than a century or more ago, skirt length is always changing C. skirt length changed in regular cycles, getting shorter and then longer before becoming shorter again D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Ethnocentrism: A. presents a major problem for anthropologists B. means you think your culture is superior to others C. is a common feature of culture D.all of the above

D. all of the above

The modern anthropological approach to objects has done which of the following? A. caused anthropologists to challenge whether these museum collections were representative of the technologies of the time or if they were biased B. led anthropologists to recognize that objects change meaning over time C. pushed anthropologists to take a critical approach to the motives of the collectors of these early museum collections D. all of the above

D. all of the above

When anthropologists look at an object according to the dimension of history, they are referring to A. where and by whom it was made B. how the object was produced C. how interpretations of the object have changed over time D. all of the above

D. all of the above

According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow?

Dark fur

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?

E. B. Tylor

One of the methods that archaeologists can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of: A.aerial surveys B. surface surveys C. regional surveys D. GIS systems E. all of the above

E. all of the above

What kind of data do anthropologists gather from doing interviews? A. terms for biological species B. details about court cases C. life histories D. opinions on upcoming elections E. all of the above

E. all of the above

In which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork? A. a factory B. a mental institution C. a New York City neighborhood D. the Amazon rain forest E. any of the above

E. any of the above

T or F: Anthropologists have always approached a problem by specializing in one of the four subfields.

False

T or F: Contemporary cultural anthropologists often rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced."

False

"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT:

Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees

What was the fate of Kennewick Man?

He has been buried by members of the Columbia Basin Tribes

Anthropologists think that the first hominin capable of speaking in sounds, not signals, was:

Homo erectus

Which hominin was the first stone tool maker (according to the lecture)?

Homo habilis

Besides fossilized skeletal remains, what other evidence indicates bipedalism in Australopithecus afarensis?

Laetoli Footprints

The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by

Lamarck in the late 1700s

Some of the early resistance to NAGPRA came from anthropologists and archaeologists because they felt that

Native American prehistory was part of human heritage

This school of anthropological thought stresses the interrelationship among the natural conditions in the environment and society:

Neoevolutionism

Reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as:

Phase I

The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is

Renato Rosaldo

In Becoming Human, Zeray Alemseged named the Australopithecus afarensis child he found in Ethiopia

Selam

Reading your textbook is an example of:

Symbolic Learning

T or F: Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science.

True

Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish

a more specific age for a fossil or something organic

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of

a summarizing symbol

Archbishop James Ussher calculated the age of the earth at about:

about 6000 years old

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called

action research

Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called

cognate words

T or F In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.

false

T or F: Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture.

false

T or F: NAGPRA as a solution to grave goods and cultural object ownership applies in all countries that are UNESCO members.

false

T or F: Countries find it relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak.

false

T or F: Non-random mating among the Hutterite sect in Canada is a good example of how genetic drift works.

false

T or F: The taxonomic ordering of Homo erectus has been completely resolved through careful fossil analysis.

false

T or F: The term hominine refers to humans and great apes

false

A form of non-portable material culture that a human has made and modified is called a/an____________.

feature

On the north coast of Papua New Guinea, a religious cult leader name Barjani was remembered through which object?

his hat

Alfred Russell Wallace is known for:

hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin

In anthropology, _______ refers to seeking to understand how all aspects of our species are related

holism

The key scenario differs from other kinds of symbols because it

implies how people should act

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except

narrative symbols

Darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called:

natural selection

If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on?

natural selection

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is

natural selection

If you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in

paleoanthropology

Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?

participant observation

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Historic markers along American highways

present a simplified view of history, and usually one that is favorable to the current residents

Discovery of an archaic human in the Denisova cave, which consisted of a finger bone and two teeth, has allowed paleoanthropologists to

reconstruct their genome

Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except

sense of smell

Native American tribes using CRM differ from non-Indian agencies in how they view heritage management, because the latter almost always see heritage resources as

tangible things that can be studied scientifically

According to the lecture, in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific, it must be

testable

In science, a _______ is a well-supported, well-tested statement about how something works.

theory

The anatomy of Haplorrhines is considerably more varied than that of Strepsirrhines in large part because

they are more diverse in their lifeways

How, in general, does Marvin Harris (a materialist) explain the biblical dietary laws?

they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations

T or F: Archaeologists are making a mistake when they clean samples of potsherds for analysis.

true

T or F: Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations.

true

T or F: The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype.

true

T or F: There is no information about gender present in the record of early human art.

true