Anthro 2200

What are omomyids?

ancestral to tarsiers, the first true primates from the Eocene

What factors are needed for fossilization?

varied- ocean low oxy and acidity

What are the three main hypotheses for primate evolution?

1. Arborael- live in trees 2. Visual predation- small bugs 3. Angiosperm exp- eat fruit

Who are the likely ancestors of platyrrhines and catarrhines?

Anthropoidea

What are the three evolutionary trends that characterize ALL primates?

Arboreal adapt- live in trees Dietary plasticity- eat lots of shit Parental investment

What are Plesiadapiforms? Why are they important?

Early member of primates, not full characterics. provide the best living models for the earliest members of the Order

Know the main reproductive strategies used by male and female primates, and why they are used.

Male- physically compete for access to reproductively mature females Female- Females compete with each other for resources that enable them to care for young

What is the difference between Old World monkeys and New World monkeys, both geographically and physically? Can you give examples of each?

Old- Asia and Africa- 2 premolars new- america- 3 premolars

Know the main types of residence patterns, and which primates employ them. What determines which type of residence pattern a certain type of primate might use?

One-male, Multi-female 2) One-female, Multi-male 3) Multi-male, Multi-female 4) All-male 5) One-male, One-female 6) Solitary

What features allow for primates' enhanced sense of vision?

Overlapping visual fields Forward facing eyes- Depth perception- Color vision- Fully or partially enclosed eye orbit

What are the "dental apes," and why are they called that?

Proconsulidae, cranium- ape, post- monkey. based on the 5 rounded cusps of their Y-5 molars

What prehistoric primate is the ancestor of Old World monkeys?

Purgatorius

What are the differences between strepsirhines and haplorhines? Which primates are included in these groups?

Strepsirhines- post orbital bar, smaller, old world Haplorhines- plate- monkey, tarsier, apes

Know the different types of locomotive patterns, which primates employ them, and what features distinguish the skeletons of each of these patterns (this includes intermembral index).

Vertical clinging and leaping- long hind limbs, strep Arboreal Quadrupedalism- Short/ similar length limbs Terrestrial Quadrupedalism- Long/ similar length limbs Suspensory locomotion- long forelimbs Bipedalism-

Where do humans fall on the primate taxonomic tree?

bottom right

What is the difference between a C3 and C4 plant?

c3- temperate, c4- warm, dry- corn

What are colobines and cercopithecines?

colobines- leaves- long gut, multi seg cercopithecines- fruit- cheek pouch

Why do primates have long growth and development periods?

dev large brains and social learning

Know the possible explanations for the origin of platyrrhines, and which is currently most commonly accepted.

early thinking by scientists was that the primates rafted from North America to South America African origin of platyrrhine monkeys

Dental formula

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

How have primate teeth changed through time?

lost teeth

intermembral index

low- bipedal, leapers mid- quad high- abhoral

What are the limitations of the absolute dating methods presented?

only 50k only organic

What is the difference between platyrrhines and catarrhines?

platyrrhines- new- flat nose catarrhines- old, apes- hooked nose

What are strata? Be able to order strata from oldest to youngest.

refers to layers of sediment, debris, rock, and other materials

What do primates have at the end of their digits?

sensory nerves