Anthro 2200
What are omomyids?
ancestral to tarsiers, the first true primates from the Eocene
What factors are needed for fossilization?
varied- ocean low oxy and acidity
What are the three main hypotheses for primate evolution?
1. Arborael- live in trees 2. Visual predation- small bugs 3. Angiosperm exp- eat fruit
Who are the likely ancestors of platyrrhines and catarrhines?
Anthropoidea
What are the three evolutionary trends that characterize ALL primates?
Arboreal adapt- live in trees Dietary plasticity- eat lots of shit Parental investment
What are Plesiadapiforms? Why are they important?
Early member of primates, not full characterics. provide the best living models for the earliest members of the Order
Know the main reproductive strategies used by male and female primates, and why they are used.
Male- physically compete for access to reproductively mature females Female- Females compete with each other for resources that enable them to care for young
What is the difference between Old World monkeys and New World monkeys, both geographically and physically? Can you give examples of each?
Old- Asia and Africa- 2 premolars new- america- 3 premolars
Know the main types of residence patterns, and which primates employ them. What determines which type of residence pattern a certain type of primate might use?
One-male, Multi-female 2) One-female, Multi-male 3) Multi-male, Multi-female 4) All-male 5) One-male, One-female 6) Solitary
What features allow for primates' enhanced sense of vision?
Overlapping visual fields Forward facing eyes- Depth perception- Color vision- Fully or partially enclosed eye orbit
What are the "dental apes," and why are they called that?
Proconsulidae, cranium- ape, post- monkey. based on the 5 rounded cusps of their Y-5 molars
What prehistoric primate is the ancestor of Old World monkeys?
Purgatorius
What are the differences between strepsirhines and haplorhines? Which primates are included in these groups?
Strepsirhines- post orbital bar, smaller, old world Haplorhines- plate- monkey, tarsier, apes
Know the different types of locomotive patterns, which primates employ them, and what features distinguish the skeletons of each of these patterns (this includes intermembral index).
Vertical clinging and leaping- long hind limbs, strep Arboreal Quadrupedalism- Short/ similar length limbs Terrestrial Quadrupedalism- Long/ similar length limbs Suspensory locomotion- long forelimbs Bipedalism-
Where do humans fall on the primate taxonomic tree?
bottom right
What is the difference between a C3 and C4 plant?
c3- temperate, c4- warm, dry- corn
What are colobines and cercopithecines?
colobines- leaves- long gut, multi seg cercopithecines- fruit- cheek pouch
Why do primates have long growth and development periods?
dev large brains and social learning
Know the possible explanations for the origin of platyrrhines, and which is currently most commonly accepted.
early thinking by scientists was that the primates rafted from North America to South America African origin of platyrrhine monkeys
Dental formula
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
How have primate teeth changed through time?
lost teeth
intermembral index
low- bipedal, leapers mid- quad high- abhoral
What are the limitations of the absolute dating methods presented?
only 50k only organic
What is the difference between platyrrhines and catarrhines?
platyrrhines- new- flat nose catarrhines- old, apes- hooked nose
What are strata? Be able to order strata from oldest to youngest.
refers to layers of sediment, debris, rock, and other materials
What do primates have at the end of their digits?
sensory nerves