Anthro Master List
According to studies that Keep Your Head Up cites, both adults and kids spend many hours a day on their devices. About how many hours does Popescu mention that adults spend on their electronics each day?
10 hours
Polyandry is when:
A woman has more than one husband at the same time
According to the Pew Research Center, what percentage of Americans believe that using their phone in a social setting actually contributes to the conversation (as described in Keep Your Head Up)?
About a third of Americans
True or False: Fraternal polyandry may potentially fall by the wayside as more women become educated and family planning practices (contraception) become more widespread.
true
True or False: A person's gender identity (that which they associate most closely with) always matches their gender expression (that which they present outwardly).
False
True or False: According to Diamond, the shift away from hunting and gathering to an agricultural mode of production was generally a positive one.
False
True or False: According to Jared Diamond, by looking at archaeological evidence, one can infer that the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture had a positive impact on parts of life like social and gender inequality.
False
True or False: After many of his friends and neighbors questioned his original decision, Lee purchased a second ox to be slaughtered for the !Kung Christmas feast.
False
True or False: Anthropologists argue that each culture should be seen as a monolithic whole, with little variation or diversity within it.
False
True or False: Anthropologists primarily study individuals and their unique characteristics rather than the shared characteristics of the entire group.
False
True or False: As part of her ethnographic research, Sterk discusses relying on interviews with her informants. These interviews can best be described as formal and survey-like in nature.
False
True or False: Brodkin-Sacks ultimately argues that personal ability is the main attribute needed to erase the gap between those considered "white" and "non-white" in the U.S.
False
True or False: Diamond, to support his point that hunters and gatherers have it worse off than agricultural societies, cites caloric and nutritional data from present day foraging societies that shows they routinely and easily go hungry.
False
True or False: Following historical trends, the majority of recent immigrants to Manchester are from North America and Europe.
False
True or False: Gender variance beyond the binary categories are new ideas that have only recently emerged in Western cultures only.
False
True or False: In 2012, President Obama finally signed an official apology to the state of Hawaii and Native Hawaiians for the role that the U.S. played in the over throw of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.
False
True or False: In Gender Revolution, we heard about the story of Ellie, a transgender child who at a young age decided on a male gender identity and expression, even though she'd been assigned to a female sex, and female gender from birth.
False
True or False: In Sittwe, Phyu, the young woman portrayed in the film, talks about having a Buddhist friend as a younger child. The film also chronicles their meeting and reconciliation, despite the ethnic and religious conflict that had divided the region.
False
Which is NOT one of the physical changes/differences that paleopathologists have analyzed and noted between the skeletal remains of hunters and gatherers and early agriculturalists? a)Fewer bone and dental abnormalities for agriculturalists b)A longer life expectancy for agriculturalists. c)A taller average height for agriculturalists. d)None of these answers are correct.
None of these answers are correct.
According to Brodkin-Sack's article, in the first half of the 20th Century United States, as part of a new belief in the scientific reality of European races, some of these races were thought to be better than others, some were thought to be less intelligent and more feeble-minded. Which of these newly defined and recognized European races were thought to be the most superior?
Nordic, northwestern European
Bronislaw Malinowski found that Trobriand Islanders used _____ only when they were going out onto the open sea, where there was higher risk and yields varied widely.
fishing magic
Because of my profession as an archaeologist, I use a lot of different words to describe soil. A linguistic anthropologist would call my soil vocabulary a
focal vocabulary
When the author of The (frustrating) User Experience, a light-skinned, Portuguese speaking, Brazilian of Italian and Portuguese descent, was faced with filling out a survey question--What's Your Ethnicity? (white, Hispanic, Asian, Black/African American)--what was his reaction?
he immediately thought through his options, decided he couldn't fill out the survey, and clicked out of it.
Anthropology is a holistic science, which means:
-We study people in the past and present -We study both the biological and cultural aspects of humanity -We study people everywhere that they live
When did the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture occur?
10,000 BC
As an academic discipline, anthropology really took off in Europe and North America in which century? a)17th b)18th c)19th d)20th
19th century
Fraternal polyandry is:
A form of marriage between two or more men (who are brothers) and one woman.
According to Brodkin-Sacks, out of the anti-semitism of the early 20th century, how did Jews finally "become white?" a)Anti-semitism lost respectability after WWII. b)The U.S. census stopped distinguishing between "native" and immigrant-born whites. c)Economic prosperity and federal programs increased educational and employment opportunities for Jewish people. d) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
In class, as part of our discussion of globalization and culture change, we discussed how John Bodley proposed an alternative tool of analysis for measuring the impact of culture change on native communities. In his mind, what was the difference between "standard of living" vs. "quality of life" measurements?" a)Standard of living measurements made sense in the "western" world, but often did not for non-western cultures. b)Standard of living measurements were more easily quantifiable, but often didn't provide a complete picture of the impact of culture change on a local community. c)Quality of life measurements were more open-ended and culturally relevant than standard of living measurements. d)All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
The phrase "The King is dead, long live the King!" is uttered after a monarch dies, and is about to be replaced by their successor to the throne. What does this statement tell us about the position? a)the position of chief is a permanent political status that needs as successor as part of the system b)the title refers to both a person and an office c)this type of transfer of power or leadership would not happen in bands or tribes d)All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
According to the User Experience article, what are the following recommendations in response to? - Asking how we can frame the question differently. - Explaining why the question is being asked. - Considering how to expand the list of options given. - Breaking down the different aspects of ethnicity. a)These are recommendations on how to improve user experience in supplying personal data about ethnicity and ethnic identity. b)These are recommendations on how to improve the structure and layout of forms that ask a person to define their ethnic identity. c)These are recommendations on how to improve the ways in which data on ethnic identity is collected by a variety of institutions, organizations, and governments. d)All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
What does Diamond's 24-hour clock analogy allude to? a)Humans have been hunters and gatherers for the vast majority of our existence. b)We--as humankind--are relatively new at farming. c)We can't be sure whether or not shifting to agriculture was the best choice for humankind, but he's leaning toward not. d)All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Sterk's research with the prostitutes is a good example of what type of research? a)qualitative b)longitudinal, multi-sided anthropological research c)participant observation d)All of these are good ways to describe her research
All of these are good ways to describe her research
According to Roscoe's descriptions and examples, which of the following is NOT one of the roles two-spirits could perform in their communities? a)shaman b)skilled craftsperson c)match-maker d)All of these are roles he described in his article
All of these are roles he described in his article
Which of the following attributes are used to help determine or delineate a person's ethnicity? a)Certain biological traits--like a person's skin color. b)Their native language--or the language(s) one speaks. c)The region of the world a person was born in--their cultural background. d)All of these attributes or characteristics are at times used to define a person's ethnicity.
All of these attributes or characteristics are at times used to define a person's ethnicity.
Up through WWII, theories based on scientific racism in the United States supported what notion? a)There are real biological differences between people of different skin colors b)Americans are white c)Real white people come from northwestern Europe d) All of these notions were present as part of the 20th century scientific racism
All of these notions were present as part of the 20th century scientific racism
Which of the following is NOT an example of a particular social situation where the Western Apache would rely on silence as a form of communication? a)When in the presence of someone who is in mourning b)When meeting strangers for the first time c)When initially starting to date someone new d)All of these situations are times when the Western Apache would remain silent
All of these situations are times when the Western Apache would remain silent
When looking at the chart (on page 124) about "Plains Male Berdaches," which of the following is an accurate statement about the information shared with the reader? a)In all of the societies listed, male berdaches had some spiritual or medical powers. b)In three out of the four tribes, male berdaches were part of war parties. c)In the majority, if not all of the tribes listed, male berdaches actively participated in ceremonial dances and rituals. d)All of these statements are true, according to the chart on page 124.
All of these statements are true, according to the chart on page 124.
What is ethnography? a)A means of representing both what people say they do, and what they actually do in reality. b)Writing that attempts to holistically and neutrally share stories about a group of people so that others can understand them. c)The systematic study of a group of people. d)All of these statements describe ethnography
All of these statements describe ethnography
What happened when the ox was slaughtered? a)Lee began to realize that his friends and neighbors had been "joking" with him all along about their doubts about the ox. b)The !Kung celebrated and feasted for two days without any fights breaking out! c)It immediately was clear that the animal was healthy, had lots of fat, and would feed everyone who had gathered for the feast. d)All of these things happened
All of these things happened
This well-known scholar has done extensive research into the mechanics of how our body language can impact our brains. They have found that when a person stands in a high power pose for at least two minutes, testosterone levels will rise and cortisone levels will fall, leading to a subsequent feeling of confidence. Conversely, this work has shown that lower power poses result in an increase of stress hormones, causing a person to feel weak and inferior.
Amy Cuddy
As a way of thanking the !Kung Bushmen for dealing with his presence (and seeming cold-heartedness when it came to sharing food supplies), Richard Lee decided to purchase what animal for the Christmas celebration and feast?
An ox
Many Native American cultures believe that humans are an inseparable part of the natural and supernatural world. Most inanimate things are thought to contain human-like spirits, such as trees, rocks, and rivers. Animals are also considered to have spiritual dimensions and thus when an animal is killed, offerings of gratitude are made to appease the animal's spirit.
Animism
The placebo effect can be described as:
Belief in treatment efficacy
The following methods can best be described as addressing what types of questions in anthropology: using pseudonyms in ethnography, not making information up, and trying to find ways to give back to the community.
Ethical questions
The practice of fraternal polyandry is increasing, as more young people are receiving a modern education and there is increased economic and social mobility in Tibet.
False
In the film clips from "The Story of God" with Morgan Freeman, we learned about the new field of neurotheology, which studies the impact of meditation, prayer, and religious worship on the human brain. What were the results of Morgan Freeman's CAT scan when he was meditating on religion?
Freeman's frontal lobes were more activated
In 2010, the "region of origin" for Manchester's foreign born population can best be described as:
From a variety of places, with Latin American and Asia making up the majority
Clarie Sterk had a difficult time establishing contacts in the NYC prostitution world until a woman asked her about her Dutch accent. This woman would be called a:
Gate-Keeper
The Bari believe that a way to cure a sick child is to:
Have the father(s) blow tobacco smoke over the child's body
In the reading How Many Fathers Are Best?, the author argues what?
In some societies, it is beneficial for mother and child to have more than one man helping to support them
Groups that employ more sophisticated technologies and domesticated animals to produce surplus on permanent fields.
Intensive agriculturists
Which of the following is NOT one of the strange rituals described in "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema?" a)Light-skinned women baking their bodies in long ovens to darken their skin b)a holy mouth man who looks into people's mouths c)Going to the latipso for special medical procedures d)keeping lots of potions in a special box in a ritual room of the house
Light-skinned women baking their bodies in long ovens to darken their skin
Which of the following is NOT one of the core sets of traits that Roscoe cites when thinking about the roles of berdaches in native tribes and communities? a)Their gender identities, expressions and roles were different from those of men and women. b)Their identity was sanctioned by supernatural powers or person visions. c)They preferred to do the work of the "opposite" sex. d)Most of their sexual/romantic relationships were with other berdaches in their communities.
Most of their sexual/romantic relationships were with other berdaches in their communities.
Which is NOT one of the practices Horace Miner mentions in Body Ritual Among the Nacirema? a)Nacirema choosing to go to the latipso as a "place to die." b)Nacirema children attending loohcs for many hours every day. c)Nacirema women baking their heads in ovens on a regular basis. d)Each Nacirema household having a charm box that they make ritual offerings to on a daily basis.
Nacirema children attending loohcs for many hours every day.
The Bari believe the act of making a baby includes all of the following EXCEPT: a)The first act of sex between a husband and a wife plants the seed for a new baby. b)The fetus is built up over time with repeated washes of sperm. c)Only one act of sex is necessary to make a baby. d)The mother's body is viewed as a vessel for the fetus, but the men actually do the making the baby.
Only one act of sex is necessary to make a baby.
Traditionally, the Sami have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing, fur trapping, and sheep herding. Their best-known means of livelihood is semi-nomadic reindeer herding. Currently about 10% of the Sami are connected to reindeer herding and 2,800 are actively involved in herding on a full-time basis. For traditional, environmental, cultural and political reasons, reindeer herding is legally reserved only for Sami people in certain regions of the Nordic countries.
Pastoralism
Gmelch found that baseball players in positions of greater unpredictability were more likely to use ritual. The players who were more likely to use rituals and superstition included the following positions:
Pitchers and hitters
In the end, after Lee asked his informants about why they had joked with him about the ox, what did he learn about their actions?
The purpose behind these "jokes" and insults is to tamp down on an individual's sense of pride—in other words, the !Kung insult each other so that no one person begins to feel more important or better than anyone else.
According to Basso, what is the main reason or explanation for why the Western Apache tend to remain silent in certain situations?
The use silence as a way of dealing with ambiguity or uncertainty in social settings.
According to Miner's description, which is NOT one of the jobs or functions of the holy-mouth man in Nacirema culture? a)To replace old teeth with false new ones. b)To make holes in people's teeth. c)To apply supernatural substances to people's teeth. d)To exorcise evils of the mouth.
To replace old teeth with false new ones.
Like many of her compatriots, Emma left the Philippines when she was in her thirties to support her family by working overseas. After caring for children for a series of families in NJ and NY over a period of twenty-five years, Emma is now a legal immigrant living alone in New York City. While her own children were being cared for in the Philippines by other kin, Emma mothered them long-distance over email, phone, and Skype; sent gifts, cards and video messages for birthdays, confirmations, weddings, and the births of her grandchildren; and contributed to home purchases and businesses. Emma's story is an example of________.
Transnationalism
Countries like the United States are characterized by individualism, meaning what?
We are taught to be independent and are driven by our accomplishments
When Bronislaw Malinowski lived among the Trobriand Islanders he brought his scientific background with him, but he found that many of the Islanders commonly used elements of magic in their daily lives. Which of the following describes the most common situation in which magic was evoked for the Islanders?
When fisherman would venture out into the dangerous open ocean
What is meant by Fassin when he says "no life is outside of its time" when summing up Magda A's life at the end of his article about her life and health?
When thinking about how to do research as a medical anthropologist, it is clear that one's life is best understood within its social and historical context.
According to Amy Cuddy's Ted Talk, what is the power pose called where one stands with their hands on their hips and feet spread apart?
Wonder Woman
Anthropologist Bertie Jurkowski spent four years studying natives in Samoa. During that time, he realized that living among and engaging in the every day activities of the Samoans was critical to his understanding of Samoan life. By living with the Samoans, Bertie was attempting to gain what?
a native's point of view
What is polygyny?
a situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time
Anthropologists who apply their knowledge, skills, methods, access, and experience to help solve pressing human issues are called:
applied anthropologists
According to the article, about how many refugees have been settled in the Manchester area since 1980 (up to 2010)?
around 6,000
Anthropologist George Gmelch noticed that many pitchers and hitters followed a strict set of rituals and taboos before a baseball game. How did he explain this behavior? a)These are behaviors that help players feel more certain that they'll have a good game b)These are behaviors that the player associates with a particularly successful performance c)Both of these answers d)None of these answers
both of these answers
A multilingual speaker who switches back and forth between dialects in different social situations is practicing:
code-switching
Racial classifications are __________ categories.
cultural
Craig writes that "part of an anthropologists job is to help people understand that to be different is not to be wrong." She mentions that another word for this idea is: a)ethnocentrism b)cultural relativism c)fieldwork d)holism
cultural relativism
Franz Boas wrote that the only way we can learn about other cultures is to remove "the shackles of our own traditions." With this statement, he was inferring that we should not judge another culture based on our own standards, but by the standards of that culture. This stance is known as:
cultural relativism
Groups of people sharing a common background, language, religion, historical experience, descent, or geography are often referred to as:
ethnic groups
The placement of an "NL" sticker on my car bumper or laptop to represent my Dutch heritage is an example of:
ethnic symbol
According to this week's reading, the following definition--a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like--best describes what part of identity?
ethnicity
Dan routinely went to the farmer's market every Saturday morning during the summer. This summer, he frequently saw African refugees shopping at the fruit and vegetable stalls. "Wow," he thought to himself, "they look so strange, and the women are covered head to foot in long dresses and head scarves. Don't they know that it is summer time, that it is too hot to wear so many clothes, and that they look funny? Don't they want to look more American? Why wouldn't everyone want to blend in better when they live here, and look more normal, more like us?" Dan was experiencing:
ethnocentrism
True or False: According to Roscoe, the term "3rd gender" can either refer to male or female berdaches, while "4th gender" always and only refers to male berdaches.
false
__________ refers to a culturally informed feeling of poor health, whereas __________ refers to a biologically determined health problem that can be observed and measured.
illness, disease
Which of the following is considered a type of magic that involves performances that imitate the desired result, such as manipulating a voodoo doll?
imitative/sympathetic magic
Before an anthropologist works with any study subject, they must first obtain
informed consent
According to Jared Diamond, foragers actually have a pretty high standard of living. Which of the following is NOT one of the things commonly associated with foraging societies? a)plenty of leisure time for hanging out b)much dietary variety c)infrequent food shortages d)poor dental health
poor dental health
Sara had spent the last two years in the field doing research for her dissertation. While doing research, she had carried out dozens of interviews and had hundreds of conversations with people in the community. Her relationship with Deborah was different, though. Sara depended on Deborah for a wide variety of things—everything from introducing her to others in the community, to interpreting for her when needed, to helping to explain things that she didn't quite understand. Deborah was Sara's:
key informant
Anthropologists refer to the smallest parts of words that can be put together to form more complex words (and actually can carry meaning themselves) as:
morphemes
This type of economy is not driven by profit, but rather by the goal of gathering and storing enough food usually for at least a day and perhaps a season. Most people who work together in this type of economy live in the same community and may even be related.
non-market
Dr. Sarah Parcak uses what unique tool to help her uncover potential archaeological sites around the world?
satellite imagery
In the modern world system, peripheral nations:
serve primarily has sources of raw materials, agricultural products, and cheap labor.
When Dwight is at school, he typically refers to himself as an engineering major, first generation student, and straight male. However, when he is with his co-workers at the factory, he refers to himself as a middle-class, hard-working, football-loving guy. Dwight's shift in identities based on his social context is an example of:
situational negotiation of identity
Privilege can be defined as something that happens when one group has something of value that is denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to, rather than because of anything they've done or failed to do. In the short clip about going to the grocery story, Joy DeGruy's sister-in-law had privileges she didn't have based on what?
skin color
In class, we saw a clip from the TV show Friends. The different styles of communication shown in the conversations of the characters varied by gender. What area of study in linguistics would look at gendered differences in language and communication?
socio-linguistics
The process by which social stress becomes absorbed by the body and manifests as physical suffering is known as
somatization
The adolescents interviewed in Sittwe, regardless of their ethnic group, believe that peace will come to their community when
there is better and more accessible education for all
One's gender identity refers to
your psychological sense of yourself related to your gender
Which of the following is an example of a fetish behavior/object?
Always touching your crucifix before you hit
According to the article, which one of the following statements about fraternal polyandry in Tibet is NOT true: a)After the marriage takes place, the husbands/brothers leave their home and go to live with the wife (matrilocal) b)Fraternal polyandry helps keep the population from increasing, because there are less heirs per generation if the brothers share one wife. c)The economic rationale for fraternal polyandry in Tibet is that it keeps inherited land and property from being separated among brothers. d)In a fraternal polyandrous marriage, all the brothers have the option (when they come of age)to participate as sexual partners with the wife and they all share the workload of the farm/property.
After the marriage takes place, the husbands/brothers leave their home and go to live with the wife (matrilocal)
At the end of the film clip A Trip to the Grocery Store, Joy DeGruy notes that her sister-in-law used her white privilege to educate and make right a situation involving racism. What did DeGruy's sister-in-law do?
As a Black women who often passes as White, she pointed out that the White cashier had treated her and her sister-in-law very differently when it came to paying.
John and Mary had their first daughter in a local hospital, where the doctor confidently announced, "It's a girl!" They spent the next couple of days in the hospital, counting her fingers and toes, and making sure she had all of the right "parts." All seemed well until their daughter began to grow older, and it was clear that she did not identify with being a girl. It was clear that she was most comfortable, most "herself," when she dressed in boy's clothing, went by a more masculine name, and had her hair cut short.
Assigning one's sex vs. identifying with a particular gender
//Koka and Kasupe lived in neighboring waterholes, and routinely traveled the short distance to visit with each other. When they saw each other they would exchange small gifts of arrows or other tools, and would often use this ongoing gift exchange as an excuse to find the time to visit. Kasupe, at times, had even lived with //Koka because of a strained relationship with his wife and her brothers. Kasupe would inevitably welcome //Koka when this happened, and integrate him into the daily life of the waterhole.
Balanced reciprocity
Throughout her research project, Sterk encountered many ethical dilemmas as part of her fieldwork. Which of these was NOT one of those she listed? a)Being asked to participate in tricking potential clients of the prostitutes into paying more for their services. b)Knowing that the female prostitutes were either unwilling to unable to use condemns, even though they knew they were HIV-positive. c)Being asked to hold on to illegal drugs for a pimp or prostitute. d)Watching women live through abusive relationships and being unable to do anything about it.
Being asked to participate in tricking potential clients of the prostitutes into paying more for their services.
True or False: In Then There Were None, the producer uses the Native Hawaiians being forced to move to the West coast of the U.S. as one instance of negative cultural change associated with globalization.
False
True or False: In her article, Brodkin-Sacks argues that all "non-white" races (Jews, African Americans, Euroethnics) experienced similar improved opportunities for upward mobility, and had their abilities and efforts rewarded in the post-WWII time period in the United States.
False
True or False: In the United States we have a bilateral understanding of descent and we use the Hawaiian naming system.
False
True or False: In the United States, we have a unilineal understanding of descent.
False
True or False: In the article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" the !Kung criticize the large ox given them as a thank you for their help because they are ungrateful.
False
True or False: In the film Gender Revolution, it was clear that performing surgeries to "fix" intersex babies was an option that most of the intersex people Katie Couric interviewed or researched would agree was a good choice.
False
True or False: In the film Planet Money Makes a T-Shirt, there are about five people and two locations involved in the making of the shirt.
False
True or False: In the short clip The DNA Journey, the goal of the project was to show people how few things they have in common with other nationalities. In the end, it is clear to see that for most people, they could straightforwardly be categorized into a single nationality or place of origin.
False
True or False: Kinesics, or body language, are universally shared among humans. Thus, if you go to another country and wink at someone, it will always mean the same thing as it does here in the States.
False
True or False: Manchester has historically been a location where many immigrants have settled. In the 19th Century, one of the main reasons for this influx of foreign born people was the fishing industry along the Merrimack River.
False
True or False: Most Barí women have multiple husbands, which is known as partible paternity.
False
True or False: Most animal communication systems are open, meaning there is little room for innovation. Whereas human communication systems are closed, allowing for lots of flexibility.
False
True or False: Most women who are part of polyandrous marriages in Tibet report disliking having multiple husbands, and wish instead that they had monogamous marriages.
False
True or False: One clue that the author of "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema" was actually describing American culture is his reference to the great leader Pmurtdlanod, who ruled the land between Canada and Mexico.
False
True or False: Sterk's research took place over the span of about 10 years, as she conducted interviews and observations in the cities of Chicago and New York.
False
True or False: The Bari are the only indigenous group that believe in shared paternity.
False
True or False: The Nacirema are a group of people who live somewhere in the region of South America.
False
True or False: The U.S. Office of Management and Budget is clear about the fact that the racial and ethnic categories they use to collect data are not simply social-political constructs, but are in fact scientifically based.
False
True or False: The animal that Lee purchased for the Christmas feast was the best that he could do, but it was small and skinny, and he knew from the beginning that it wasn't going to be enough to feed a crowd of people.
False
True or False: The rule of Hypodescent in the United States holds that someone's racial identity can be considered Black or African American only if they have at least five African American ancestors.
False
True or False: Theorist Arjun Appadurai argued that material goods and objects that move around the world because of globalization should also be thought of as having a "social life," meaning that even these things can give us insight into the forces and impact of globalization, as well as the relationships it leads to between people and goods around the world. In class, we discussed the triangle trade as an example of this.
False
True or False: Through her research, Tanya Rodriguez was able to establish that Spam is most commonly eaten among the millennial generation in the United States.
False
True or False: When thinking about the ways in which native communities viewed the sexuality of berdache members of their societies, it's accurate to say that their views of berdache sexuality and relationships fits neatly into Western definitions of homosexuality.
False
Before Europeans landed in the "New World," there were several sophisticated and thriving indigenous empires in what is now Latin America. When the Spanish eventually colonized Latin American, one of the biggest influences they brought with them was the Catholic religion. Immediately upon arrival, Spanish priests and missionaries began converting the indigenous communities from their native belief systems to Catholicism, and often forbid traditional ceremonies and religious practices. Over time, traditional practices of Catholicism were often mixed with vestiges of native, indigenous religious and spiritual beliefs. As native people began to practice Catholicism, traditional saints began to take on some characteristics and personalities of indigenous gods, making it easier for local populations to buy into the new religion. Even today, in many rural places in Latin America, a church filled with statues of Catholic saints might also be the location of pre-Catholic rituals like annual animal sacrifices.
Syncretism
In the film clip Being Black in Latin America, we see that Brazil officially sees itself as a "racial democracy." What does this mean?
That because of hundreds of years of racial mixing, racial categories don't matter in Brazilian society - ideally, inequalities based on race don't exist
What do the Native American "two spirited ones," tell us about gender and sexuality?
That the universality of the binary distinction between male/female and masculinity/femininity should be questioned
True or False: According to Brodkin, contrary to a popular perception that Jews became successful in America due to their abilities and efforts, the reality is that U.S. government programs played a key role in their upward mobility.
True
True or False: According to Brodkin-Sacks' article, it wasn't until the 19th century that the idea that there were various, distinct European "races" really took hold in the U.S.
True
True or False: According to Cuddy, we really can "fake it til we make it." In other words, the way we carry ourselves, whether we make ourselves big or small, can have a direct physiological and hormonal influence on how we think and feel about ourselves.
True
True or False: According to political anthropologists, when thinking about whether a person or group has a legitimate right to rule, there can be a distinction made between leadership based on power vs. leadership based on authority.
True
True or False: According to the Perspectives chapter, ethnic identity (just like culture!) is fluid and flexible, and can change over time, depending on historical and social circumstances.
True
True or False: Among other things, the idea of the "gender-bread person" is to help Americans understand that a person's sexuality is to who they go to bed with, and a person's gender is who they go to bed as.
True
True or False: Amy Cuddy studies communication and body language, and is particularly interested in the details of nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.
True
True or False: As a linguistic anthropologist, one of Basso's main points is to remind his readers that it is just as important to learn when not to speak as it is to learn the language when entering a new culture.
True
True or False: As was described in the film clip Being Black in Latin America, someone considered Black or African American in the United States may be considered a different skin color in the Dominican Republic.
True
True or False: Brodkin's essay about how Jews became reclassified as whites after World War II supports the idea that the racial category of "whiteness" should be unpacked, recognized, and analysed like any other racial category.
True
True or False: Culture could be defined as everything we do, think, and believe that is not instinctual.
True
True or False: Diamond notes a couple of different perspectives that help shed light on how we--as a culture--think about this shift from hunting/gathering to agriculture. The progressivist perspective is one of these that clearly and without question accepts the move to adopt an agricultural lifestyle as a positive, logical, and advantageous improvement for our ancestors.
True
True or False: For Bari children, having two biological fathers was found to increase their chances of survival into adulthood.
True
True or False: Gmelch defines ritual as the prescribed behaviors in which there is no empirical connection between the means and the desired end.
True
True or False: Goldstein states that women will be motivated to choose a fraternal polyandrous form of marriage over a monogamous one because she (and her children) will be better off economically. This is because there is more than one husband to support them.
True
True or False: Identity can be something assigned to you, or something you choose for yourself.
True
True or False: If human races existed in the biological sense, we would expect to see subsets of the species with internally consistent anatomical traits that do not vary between the subsets of humans (like dog breeds).
True
True or False: Immigration--the movement of people into the Manchester area--is what has made Manchester more racially and ethnically diverse than the rest of NH.
True
True or False: In Then There Were None, one way in which Native Hawaiians have sought to preserve their cultural identities and practices is through a program which guarantees tracts of land to people who can prove a certain percentage of native ancestry.
True
True or False: In general, Miner describes the Nacirema as a very magic and ritual-oriented society, where many of these practices seem pseudo-masochistic and painful.
True
True or False: In general, the native born population of Manchester has higher levels of education and lower levels of poverty than the foreign born population.
True
True or False: In the Perspectives chapter's section on ethnicity and ethnic groups, the author mentions how for anthropology, there is a recognized overlap between race and ethnicity...though they should be thought of as two different aspects of identity.
True
True or False: In the article "Tricking and Tripping," Sterk talks about ways that she gained trust among the prostitutes she studied. She did this primarily by listening and providing practical assistance like giving rides, babysitting, and buying groceries for her informants.
True
True or False: In the film Planet Money Makes a T-Shirt, we see that the t-shirt begins production in a developed nation, before traveling to one or more underdeveloped nations, and then being sold in a developed nation.
True
True or False: In the film Then There Were None, the film maker's main goal seems to be to take a historical look at the various ways in which the cultural/ethnic/racial identities of Native Hawaiian have been changed, challenged, and erased by the presence of outsiders.
True
True or False: In unilineal descent systems, one's ancestry is traced through either the male or the female line (not both).
True
True or False: It is fair to say, after reading Sienna Craig's description of anthropology, that it is a wide-ranging, broadly applicable discipline that is focused on observing, participating in, and thinking about the world (past, present, and future) around us.
True
True or False: Many more parents are choosing to allow their intersex children to make their own choice about gender as they grow and learn about their gender identities.
True
True or False: One difference between an internally displaced person and a refugee is that an internally displaced person only moves within the borders of his or her country in order to escape from some threat or harm, while a refugee leaves his or her home country.
True
True or False: Powerful people, and people who are expressing feelings of power in certain situations or in particular moments, routinely tend to present themselves in a more "open" way. One of the examples Cuddy mentions is that of runners who cross the finish line first, and raise their arms victoriously in a wide open V.
True
True or False: Sterk mentions about different parts of her identity either helped or hurt her gain entry to the field of research. One of the things she mentions is that she's pretty sure her project would have been difficult to carry out if she had been a man trying to study prostitutes.
True
True or False: Taboos are the opposite of rituals in that they are prohibitions, which players believe if not followed will lead to poor performance and bad luck.
True
True or False: Tanya Rodriguez was successful as an anthropologist for SPAM because she embedded herself into people's lives and kitchens to understand why they eat what they eat.
True
True or False: The !Kung San people depend on relentless teasing and insults to instill humility and maintain a sense of equality and egalitarianism in their community.
True
True or False: The Crow tribal leader's comment: "We don't waste people the way white society does. Every person has their gift," was shared as evidence for the general support and acceptance many native communities had for their members who didn't neatly fit into standard or "normal" gender roles.
True
True or False: The children of a fraternal polyandry marriage are often treated similarly, with no attempt made to link children biologically to one of the fathers.
True
True or False: We could define race as a culturally constructed system of classification created and re-created based on a wide variety of physical characteristics.
True
True or False: While some diseases are deadly, around 90% of all the ailments we'll endure in our lifestyles are self-correcting.
True
True or False: While the goal of Popescu's article about cell phone use was to remind us of the mind-, emotion-, and life-altering power that technology can have over our lives, the experts he cites have one simple piece of advice--look around, look up, and put your device down in order to re-engage with the world around you!
True
True or False: While the specifics differ depending on which field of anthropology we are talking about, a key part of any anthropological endeavor--and the primary way in which anthropologists learn about other peoples and cultures--is fieldwork.
True
Brenda is an anthropologist whose research focuses on maternal-child health in India. The Indian government has been pushing a food supplement program for pregnant and nursing mothers, with the hopes of bettering the nutrition of this population, and in the long run, decreasing maternal and infant mortality rates in the region. The government agency originally had supplied a ration of rice to the women, but soon found out that the women were just giving their shares to their husbands and older children instead of consuming it themselves, and were puzzled and concerned enough to seek outside help. Brenda was hired by the agency, and because of her experience and knowledge of the community, was able to explain that because of a patriarchal culture which instills the value of self-sacrifice on the part of mothers and wives, the women would always offer what was seen as a more valuable food to their husbands first. She suggested that the agency instead provide the women with rations of less desirable, but equally as nutritious grains such as ragi, instead.
applied medical anthropology
Every morning Henry sat in his study, pouring over the latest journals, letters, and reports sent back to London from faraway places around the world. Some of his favorites included missionary's accounts of their contact with a newly "discovered" group of Indians living in central Brazil. After Henry read over the accounts, he would develop his own theories that explained the life styles of the Brazilian Indians—theories that would place the group somewhere along an evolutionary spectrum from "primitive" to "civilized." We'd call what Henry did:
armchair anthropology
The Bari tribe of Venezuela believe that:
babies can have more than one biological father
Which of the following types of marriage is established based on love rather than strict social obligations?
companionate
True or False: In today's world all large-scale societies have market economies that are characterized by highly personal relationships of production, distribution, and exchange.
false
Which of the following is NOT one of the cross-cultural characteristics of marriage that we discussed in class? a)involves economic cooperation b)sanctioned by society c)between 2 or more people d)must be between partners of the same sex
must be between partners of the same sex
Harry has been offered a new job in Aspen and he has to sell his Mutt Cuts van ASAP in order to get the $6000 he needs for his move. Lloyd offers Harry $3000, knowing full well that Harry has no choice but to sell the van for half price because of his current circumstances.
negative reciprocity
My grandmother, true to her Dutch roots, never liked to pay full price for anything. She would bargain and haggle no matter where she went, and when she got a deal, you'd hear about it for months afterwards. "Can you believe it Marieka? I got all these knickknacks at the garage sale for ONLY A NICKLE!!" We might refer to my grandmother's preference for bargaining and haggling as what kind of reciprocity?
negative reciprocity
Many bar fights are probably escalated by the fact that Americans tend to get vocal during confrontation. What would happen during a bar fight in Western Apache territory?
one party might cuss out the other, but that other person would stay silent or leave so as to de-escalate the situation
Many Irish-Americans are proud to wear "Kiss me, I'm Irish!" t-shirts on St. Patrick's day as a way of both showcasing and celebrating their heritage. This type of limited, but very public, expression of ethnic pride is best described as what type of ethnicity?
symbolic ethnicity
True or False: According to the Pew Research Center's report on classifying race and ethnicity, the federal standards that are commonly used by organizations that track this data (White, American Indian, Native Alaskan, Asian, Black, and/or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander) were most recently updated in 1997.
true
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which silence is used in Western Apache culture? a)when traveling with children outside of the Western Apache community b)when getting cussed out by a drunk person c)when meeting strangers for the first time d)during initial courtship rituals with a new girl- or boy- friend
when traveling with children outside of the Western Apache community
In the film clip Uncomfortable Conversations with a Black Man, Acho quotes LBJ as saying, "You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say, 'You are free to compete with all the others,' and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates." What idea was he using this quote to help explain?
white priviledge
