Anthropology 7 quiz
The Nuremberg race laws of 1935 were associated with the deaths of approximately how many people? a. 4 million b. 8 million c. 17 million d. 11 million
11 milion
Members of the genus Homo have primarily adapted through culture over the past: a. 50,000 years b. 1.5 million years c. 2.5 million years d. 7.7 million years
2.5
What percentage of the United States population is considered to get little exercise and be overweight? a. 25 b. 37 c. 43 d. 61
61
Broadly defined "racial" groups differ from one another in what percent of their genes? a. 5 b. 11 c. 1 d. 7
7
Lactose intolerance is associated with what percentage of adults worldwide? a. 25 b. 85 c. 60 d. 75
85
What is the thrifty genotype? A genotype that is associated directly with dairying people A genotype that makes all people obese A genotype that allows people to work longer at food production tasks A genotype that permits the efficient storage of fat for times of food scarcity
A genotype that permits the efficient storage of fat for times of food scarcity
All of the following are linguistically linked in Arabic, denoting perceived cultural connections, except: a. fava beans b. peanuts c. soybeans d. almonds
Almonds
Define race.
Biologically, race is depicted as a taxonomic categorization of subspecies differing geographically, morphologically, or genetically from other populations of the same species. This is not accurate biologically, but it is a prevailing social myth.
In colonial Mexico, individuals were labeled by various versions of ancestry referred to as: a. castas b. clases c. lineas d. mulattos
Castas
The distribution of a single, genetically based characteristic related to adaptation is called a: a. thrifty gene b. genetic arbitrator c. cline d. polymorphism
Cline
Today, scientists believe that the high rate of diabetes found within many American Indian groups is primarily due to: a. the thrifty gene b. diet and exercise c. genetic predisposition d. mitochondrial DNA
Diet and exercise
What is favism?
Favism, also known as hemolytic crisis, is a condition (a reaction) that is provoked in individuals with a G6PD deficiency (actually a mutation in the G6PD gene) after they have eaten fava beans because they cannot break down the sugars in the beans.
Which individual, as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, did the most to combat racism in the United States? Franz Boas Carolus Linnaeus Ashley Montagu Samuel Morton
Franz
Who is the founder of North America's four-field anthropology? Ashley Montagu Samuel Morton Gary Nabhan Franz Boas
Franz Boas
BPA (bisphenol-A) has recently been associated with higher rates of: a. obesity b. heart disease c. diabetes d. measles
Heart disease
A high retention of lactase is found in populations with a long tradition of: a. herding b. fishing c. foraging d. hunting
Herding
Which individuals are at greatest risk from exposure to BPA chemical compounds in plastics? a. infants b. adolescents c. lactating mothers d. adult men
Infants
. Aside from being the father of American anthropology, Franz Boas worked tirelessly against notions of racial superiority. What were some of his ideas of race in the United States and his impact on the American tradition of anthropology?
It is stated in your text that Blumenbach introduced hierarchies in human groups with notions of superiority (the idea being, "this race is better than that race").How are these notions still embedded in common, everyday usage of racial identities, either in the United States or abroad?
Fava beans provide protection against: a. measles b. malaria c. mumps d. chicken pox
Malaria
What was the primary focus of the early European studies of human variation?
The primary focus was on developing hierarchical types of humans.
What are four primary variants that determine skin color in an individual?
The primary variants are the transparency or thickness of the skin, a copper-colored pigment called carotene, reflected color from the blood vessels, and the amount of melanin.
What are the eight stages of genocide?
They are classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination, and denial.
The 18th-century Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus originally divided humans into subspecies based on _____. immediate ancestry. geographic location. skin color. hair texture.
geographic location
For Blumenbach, the term "Malay" included _____. Europeans and Asians. Pacific islanders and Sicilians. indigenous Australians and Pacific Islanders. Europeans and indigenous Australians.
indigenous Australians and Pacific Islanders.
In Latin American countries, what are people with mixed biological Indian and Spanish biological descent referred to? Ladino Mestizo Gypsy Caucasian
mestizo
In times of scarcity, individuals with the thrifty genotype conserve: a. nitrogen and glucose b. glucose and fat c. fat and nitrogen d. glucose only
nitrogen and glucose
IQ tests typically measure _____. performance. neuron activity. innate intelligence. human capacity.
performance
To understand why the racial approach to human variation has been so unproductive and damaging, we must first understand: a. how symbolic value is attached to race b. how race is associated with human hierarchy c. race in biological terms d. race in social terms
race in biological terms
The doctrine of superiority by which one group justifies the dehumanization of others based on their distinctive physical features is _____. elitism. racism. ethnocentrism. superioritism.
racism
You share mitochondrial DNA with all of the following except: a. your sister b. your mother c. your father d. your brother
your father
In what period did European scholars first begin a systematic study of human variation? a. 19th/20th centuries b. 16th/17th centuries c. 15th century d. 18th/19th centuries
18th/19th centuries
Members of the genus Homo were almost exclusively creatures of the tropics until about: a. 200,000 years ago b. 1 million years ago c. 800,000 years ago d. 400,000 years ago
800,000 years ago
Which of the following is the best example of a genetic polymorphism? a. ABO blood groups b. sickle-cell anemia c. trisomy-3 d. straight hair
ABO blood groups
How are blood groups distributed as a cline worldwide?
American Indians have the highest frequency of O blood types, whereas Europeans have the highest incidence of type A (except for the Blackfoot Indians); some Asian populations have the highest frequencies of type B blood.
Why did the United States adopt the policy of hypodescent? a. By conflating the cultural and biological, the United States used this policy historically to discriminate. b. This policy was primarily in place as a way to encourage families to produce more children across perceived racial lines. c. Primarily applied to limit economic transactions across racial groups, it, instead, served to create a caste system in the United States. d. Hypodescent was used during the epoch of slavery as a way to prevent social and reproductive interaction between the races.
By conflating the cultural and biological, the United States used this policy historically to discriminate.
Which individual, as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, did the most to combat racism in the United States? a. Franz Boas b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Ashley Montagu d. Samuel Morton
Franz Boas
In 2014, the American Psychological Association in concert with various researchers concluded all of the following about race and intelligence except: a. There is a bias in IQ testing based on social class. b. Collating racial data with intelligence data is doubly false. c. IQ is clearly biologically fixed and immutable. d. Historically, IQ has risen in various groups worldwide since the mid-1900s.
IQ is clearly biologically fixed and immutable.
For Blumenbach, the term Malay included: a. Europeans and Asians b. Pacific Islanders and Sicilians c. Indigenous Australians and Pacific Islanders d. Europeans and indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians and Pacific Islanders
Which scientist measured skulls to attempt to demonstrate biological superiority of specific groups? a. Johann Blumenbach b. Ashley Montagu c. Carolus Linnaeus d. Samuel Morton
Johann Blumenbach
Through genetic analysis in the 1970s, an evolutionary biologist showed that there was a very low percentage of human variation existing among groups seen as racially separate. Who was this individual? a. Samuel Morton b. Ashley Montagu c. Franz Boas d. Richard Lewontin
Richard Lewontin
Which of the following groups has the highest percentage of type A blood? a. Mapuche Indians of Argentina b. Chippewa Indians of the United States c. Maya Indians of Mexico d. Saami (Laplanders) of Finland
Saami (Laplanders) of Finland
All of the following are true about race except: a. Race exists as a social and political category that promotes inequality in some societies. b. Biological evidence demonstrates unequivocally that separate human races do not exist. c. Scientists disagree on the number of biological human races that exist. d. Gene flow throughout evolutionary history has maintained humans as a
Scientists disagree on the number of biological human races that exist.
Why do hormone-disrupting chemicals raise particular concerns regarding human health today?
They are prevalent, and they interfere with the reproductive process and thus impact genomes.
What racial incident was provoked by reporters covering Jeremy Lin's success as a professional basketball player in the United States? a. They used a racial slur to refer to him. b. They refused to publish a photo of him. c. They would only speak to him in Chinese. d. They used him as an example of what is negative about Chinese.
They used a racial slur to refer to him.
What is the role of vitamin D in human health, and how it is related to skin color?
Vitamin D maintains the balance of calcium in the body for healthy bones and balance in the nervous system. Sunshine is required to stimulate the body's production of vitamin D. Darker skin types in northern latitudes must enhance their exposure to the sun because it can interfere with this process.
President Obama illustrates the social nature of race and how social barriers change over time. His parents were: a. a Luo father from western Kenya and an Anglo-American mother from Kansas b. a Maasai father from Kenya and a Caucasian mother from Mississippi c. an Anglo-American father from Nebraska and an African American mother from New York d. a Twa father from Gambia and an Asian mother from Hawaii
a Luo father from western Kenya and an Anglo-American mother from Kansas
The epicanthic eye fold is: a. a secondary membrane that covers the cornea of the eye to protect it from dust b. a fold of skin at the inner corner of the eye that covers the true corner c. a skin fold that is found at the top of the eye causing a large wrinkle d. the skewing of the shape of the eye to make it more round and large
a fold of skin at the inner corner of the eye that covers the true corner
Johann Blumenbach formally proposed a notion of: a. race as a social myth b. human racial adaptation c. relative human equality d. a hierarchy of human types
a hierarchy of human types
Which of the following is highest in naturally occurring vitamin D? a. corn oil b. lettuce c. chicken d. cod liver oil
cod liver oil
Human biological variation stems from all of the following except: a. natural selection b. random genetic drift c. geographic isolation d. cultural beliefs
cultural beliefs
The 18th-century Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus originally divided humans into subspecies based on: a. immediate ancestry b. geographic location c. skin color d. hair texture
geographic location
What do we call the practice in the United States of assigning race to the parent believed to pertain to a minority group (known also as the "one drop rule")? a. ethnic derivation rule b. clinal distribution c. mitochondrial typing d. hypodescent rule
hypodescent rule
Blumenbach argued that degeneration of human types was caused by: a. interracial marriage b. striving to be different from one's group of origin c. changes in skull types d. migrating from one's place of origin
migrating from one's place of origin
The fingerprint pattern of "loops" is associated primarily with: a. sub-Saharan Africans b. central Europeans c. people of Mongolia d. Australian aborigines
sub-Saharan Africans
Why was Ota Benga brought to the United States? a. to be exhibited at the New York Cultural Museum b. to be exhibited at the Museum of Natural History c. to be housed in the Bronx Zoo d. to be exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair
to be exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair