Anthropology Chapter 11By
In comparison to the diets of foragers, food producers' diets are generally
Less varied, less nutritious, and lower in protein
The transition between Mesolithic to Neolithic occurred when groups
became dependent on domesticated foods for a majority of the diet
What is the term for subtropical woodland zone that flanks rivers?
hilly flanks
Which of the following aided the spread of maize farming?
improved irrigation system and increased population
The formation of states in the Middle East was made possible by the development of
irrigation techniques
Anthropologists refer to African American practice of using cattle for their milk and blood rather than for their meat (except on ceremonial occasions) as the
"African cattle complex"
Compared to the Middle East, the states emerged in Mesoamerica
3,000 years later
Middle easterners were living in vibrant cities by
5500 bp
What's another name for Neolithic Revolution
Agricultural revolution
which of the following did people learn in the neolithic, after adopting food production almost exclusively?
Arched mansory, weaving, and smelting
As the Ice Age ended, foragers began creating a more generalized economy, one that didnt rely of large animals, what was tyhis movement called?
Broad-spectrum revolution
Foragers in the valley of Oaxaca gathered in large groups to intensively gather which of the following?
Cactus fruit and Mesquite
Which of the following happened during the era of increased specialization in food production (7500-5500 B.P.)?
Cattles and pigs were domesticated, New crops were added to the diet, agriculture extended to the alluvial plain of the Tigris and euphrates rivers
which of the following became widespread after food producing states came into existence?
Crime, slavery, human sacrifice
In both northern and southern China, food production supported large villages by 7500 B.P.,
Despite dramatic differences in temperatures and rainfall
The only animal domesticated throughout the New World?
Dog
States are social and political units that feature which of the following?
Extreme contrast of wealth, social classes, central government
In the middle east, the sedentary village life developed before which of the following?
Herding and farming
Which of the following were the main caloric staples of early Native American farmers?
Maize, manoic, and white potatoes
Which of the following spread as food production spread during the Neolithic?
Malaria, small pox
Which of the following occurred as Europe warmed after the Ice Age?
New Hunting techniques were developed, The smoking and salting of meat and fish became increasingly important, dogs were domesticated as retrievers
By 10,000 B.P., hunting, gathering, and fishing populations extended to which of the following formerly glaciated lands?
Scandinavia and the British Isles
Dependence of which of the following are considered archeological evidence of the presence of Neolithic cultures
Sedentaty life, Ceramic vessels, and cultivation
In china, the development of communities based around food production led eventually between 3600 to 3100 B.P., to the
Shang Dynasty
Climate change impacted the orgin of food production in the Middle East in which of the following ways?
The local environments were so rich in resources that foragers could lead settled (sedentary) lives
which of the following increased as maize became domesticated?
The number of kernel per cobs, the average cob size, the number of cobs per stock
Compared to Middle east, food production reached western Europe
about 5,000 years later
Early cultivation began as an attempt to
copy the growth of wild grains
which of the following were domesticated int he new world?
dogs, ducks, and turkeys
Jared Diamond argued that the diffusion of plants, animals, technology, and information in the Old world was
facilitated by its geography
Changes that occurred in 9000 and 8000 B.P. in the form and phytolith size of South American seeds suggest that
farmers were selecting certain characteristics in plants for cultivation
For agriculture in Oaxaca, after farmers burn to remove weeds, they use ash as a
fertilizer
Nabta Playa, one of the earliest known Neolithic settlements in Egypt, was located in a basin that
filled with water
the easiest wild animals to domesticate
live in heirarchial herds
According to archeologists, new subsistence strategies were most often adopted by middle easterners
living in areas where wild foods were less abundant
As people began to select plants to cultivate, domesticated plants began to
lose their natural-seed dispersal mechanism
Compared to foragers, food producers tend to have
more children
How were cereal grains spread outside their natural habitats
mutation and trade between zones
Anthropologists have come to believe that foragers have an excellent knowledge of what?
plant and animal reproduction
To cultivate maize, Oaxacan relied on
pot irrigation
After 15,000 B.P., foragers turned into species that
quickly and proficiently reproduced
Early farming on China was based of the production of which of the following
rice and millet
South American farmers expanded their food plots into forests by
slashing and burning
What did neolithic foragers need to start and sustain the process of domestication?
some sort of trigger
According to molecular and genetic studies, maize domestication first took place in
southwestern Mexico
Maize's wild ancestor is the species of
teosinte
Natufians were able to establish year-round villages before domestication as a result of?
the availability of wild cereal for half the year
Food production was the outcome not only of the spread of cereal grains outside their natural habitat but also of
the need to feed a growing human population
Nabta Playa's significance as a regional ceremonial center is suggested by
the presence of nine large stone slabs
From the Middle East, domesticates first spread
to northern Africa