Anthropology chapter 8 quiz
Which of the following technologies is helpful to archaeologists in surveying and downloading and recording information a feature or site's location? Photography. Radar. Compass. Global Positioning System.
GPS
The majority ethnic group in China is the: a. Han b. Uyghur c. Chang d. Paneer
Hann
Archaeologists generally choose to focus on a particular culture that often is associated with a chronological period. In what culture would Teotihuacan be associate with? Egyptian archaeology. Mesoamerican archaeology. Greek archaeology. Roman archaeology.
Mesoamerican archaeology.
Which of the following groups is customarily associated with being a group of vigilante right-wing extremists in the United States? a. Russia for Russians b. Daughters of the Confederacy c. Revolutionary Forebears d. Minutemen Civil Defense Corps
Minutemen Civil Defense Corps
What is the most essential research tool for anthropologists? a. premature judgment b. ability to conduct interviews c. ethnocentrism d. cultural relativism
cultural relativism
At what step of an archaeological project do archaeologists attempt to explain the story and significance of a site? Hypothesis creation. Data collection and recording. Publication. Interpretation.
inter
The most important symbolic aspect of culture is: a. economics b. language c. politics d. religion
language
China has fifty-five officially recognized nationalities with ethnic groups speaking different languages and having different cultural traditions practicing a wide array of religions. China is an example of a(n): a. pluralistic society b. enculturated society c. acculturated society d. ethnocentric society
pluralistic society
The rule-governed relationships that hold members of a society together are called its: a. ethnicity b. subculture c. culture d. social structure
social structure
Culture is considered to be all of the following except: a. integrated b. based on symbols c. static d. shared
static
The recording and "reading" of strata from an excavation site is called _____. interpreting. excavation. stratigraphy. digging.
strat
An occupational group tends to be classified as a(n): a. subculture b. culture c. society d. ethnic group
subulture
In what country is the archaeology site, Çatalhöyük, located? Greece. Mexico. Egypt. Turkey.
turkery
Which of the following is not an attribute of culture? a. It is dynamic. b. It exists within society. c. It is shared. d. It is uniform.
uniform
The surplus of women among the Kapauku is due to: a. loss of males through warfare b. unbalanced sex ratio at birth c. trading for women with neighboring groups d. in-migration to the area
loss of males through warfare
A culture can be considered essentially as a: a. maintenance system b. political process c. large family d. program for social success
maintenance system
Among the Kapauku, descent reckoning through men and near constant warfare tends to promote: a. male dominance b. conservative dominance c. religious/church dominance d. general political dominance
male dominance
. A national flag and national anthem are mostly symbols of a society's: a. infrastructure b. superstructure c. social structure d. interstructure
superstructure
Cultural relativism pushes anthropologists to: a. suspend judgment of another culture b. never judge another culture c. compare another culture to their own d. judge another culture only on international standards
suspend judgment of another culture
What does Apache etiquette require? a. that each person have a separate bedroom b. that houses be located quite distant from each other c. that all people be in full view of one another d. that houses
that all people be in full view of one another
The existence of pluralistic societies postdate: a. the rise of politically centralized states b. the Industrial Revolution c. the 20th-century ethnic diaspora d. the rise of dictatorships
the rise of politically centralized states
All of the following are characteristic of the majority of women who choose breast implantation except: a. they are in their mid-30s b. they have two children c. they believe they suffer from hypertrophy d. they have a secure body image
they have a secure body image
Which of the following groups is facing the most critical cultural crisis at this time of the nation-state due to environmental change? a. loggers in the Pacific Northwest, United States b. nomadic herders in the Sahara, Africa c. miners in Bolivia and Chile d. stock market analysts in London, England
nomadic
The Kapauku Papuans achieve political power and authority through: a. election b. hunting prowess c. social hierarchy d. pig breeding
pig breeding
Nation-states routinely wish to settle pastoral nomads for all of the following reasons except: a. to exert political authority over them b. to tax the nomads for their animals and land use c. to encourage them to raise surplus animals d. to allow them to have a voice in leading the country
to allow them to have a voice in leading the country
What is the primary tool of an archaeologist? Trowel. Computer Satellite imagery. Robotics.
trowel
Who is credited with discovering Çatalhöyük? Ian Hodder. Charles Darwin. James Mellart. Samuel Verner.
james
What excavation technique do archaeologists use to help keep track of the location of each find? Publish all the finds, plans, and photographs of an excavation site. Divide an excavation site into squares and create a site plan. Use many different tools. Use computers and other electronic devices.
Divide an excavation site into squares and create a site plan.
Which of the following is not an area in which Amish are frequently located? a. Illinois b. Ohio c. Pennsylvania d. Montana
MOntana
The staple food item for Kapauku pigs is: a. sweet potatoes b. corn c. hay d. millet
Sweet p
What is most characteristic about Apache dwellings?
They are large open areas where everyone can be seen.
For a culture to function properly, its various parts must be: a. harmonious b. consistent c. open and fluid d. fully evolved
cons
All cultures are: a. maladaptive b. static c. dynamic d. harmonious
dyn
A group that shares ancestry, origin, language, customs, and traditional beliefs is also called a(n): a. ethnic group b. society c. subculture d. culture
ethnic group
The Amish are most specifically classified as a(n): a. society b. religious group c. culture d. ethnic group
ethnic group
The term ethnicity comes from the word ethnikos, which is from what language? a. Portuguese b. German c. Greek d. Latin
greek
A religious symbol for the Plains Indians was a: a. white buffalo b. black cow c. red crow d. bright star
white b
The Kuchi are nomadic pastoralists who are found primarily in: a. Afghanistan b. China c. Brazil d. Australia
Afghanistan
Which of the following statement is not true? a. Behavior that is adaptive in the short run may not be adaptive over time. b. What is adaptive in one context may not be adaptive in another context. c. All surviving cultures are adaptive by nature. d. Some cultural practices are maladaptive and end up creating new
All surviving cultures are adaptive by nature.
All of the following statements defining symbols are correct except: a. Symbols are arbitrary. b. Symbols enter into every aspect of culture. c. There is no necessary relationship between a thing . d.Symbols have a single, unified meaning.
. Symbols have a single, unified meaning.
In 2013, what percentages of cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical procedures were performed on women in the United States? 100 b. 90 c. 65 d. 50
90
Distinguish between and define the following terms: infrastructure, social structure, and superstructure.
An infrastructure is the economic foundation of a society; the social structure is the rule-governed relationships that hold people together; and the superstructure is the society's shared sense of identity and worldview.
Which of the following statements about culture change is correct? a. Change today is accelerated due to forces of globalization. b. Cultures that are well adapted do not change. c. Change today is far more uniform than it was in the past. d. Change is always very damaging to cultures.
Change today is accelerated due to forces of globalization.
Which common problem do all pluralistic societies face? a. These societies are extremely adaptive and tend to fracture very easily. b. There is little variation in how individuals respond to changing situations. c. Individuals face challenges in interpreting different standards in operation. d. Groups constantly have difficulties over administering resources.
Individuals face challenges in interpreting different standards in operation.
What is cultural relativism, and why is it central to the mission of anthropologists?
It is the ability to suspend judgment to understand a culture on its own terms. It is essential to anthropologists because it allows them to gain an in-depth understanding of how a culture functions.
Which of the following statements about ethnicity is not true? a. It is the expression of a set of cultural ideas held by an ethnic group. b. It can be associated with a subcultural group within society. c. It is based on language, origins, customs, and shared ancestry. d. It is usually a homogeneous set of beliefs within a state society.
It is usually a homogeneous set of beliefs within a state society.
How can mild ethnocentrism be viewed as culturally adaptive?
Mild ethnocentrism allows cultures to cohere as distinct units adapted to specific environments.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Instinctual behavior is not the same as culture. b. Culture within a society is not uniform across individuals. c. Every known human society exhibits culture. d. Most, but not all, societies give cultural meaning to differences between
Most, but not all, societies give cultural meaning to differences between
Which of the following is a true statement? a. Symbols are found only in religious and social areas of cultural life. b. Symbols form part of every aspect of culture. c. Symbols are defined by each culture and are not arbitrary. d. Symbols are always cross-cultural in meaning. ANSWER: b
Symbols form part of every aspect of culture.
Which of the following statements about culture is incorrect? a. Every culture is dynamically designed. b. For a culture to function properly, its parts must be consistent with one another. c. Some cultures are more dynamic than others. d. The more fluid and open a culture, the more adaptable it is.
The more fluid and open a culture, the more adaptable it is.
Define enculturation.
The process by which a society's culture is transmitted generationally in order to make individuals into members of a society.
When is it most permissible for anthropologists to take a critical stance on a culture? a. never b. at all times c. after seeing that it is not as valuable as their own culture d. after avoiding premature judgments
after avoiding premature judgments
Indicators of a culture's level of success and satisfaction within society are commonly found in all of the following sources except: a. tranquility of domestic life b. mental health of the population c. incidence of crime d. amount of surplus wealth available
amount of surplus wealth available
Culture is best described as: a. various parts that work independently b. a single point of view c. a conjunction of individual approaches d. an integrated whole
an integrated whole
Gender is defined as: a. cultural meanings assigned to social differences b. biological differences between men and woman c. sexual differences between men and women d. cultural meanings assigned to sexually related biological differences
cultural meanings assigned to sexually related biological differences
The primary argument associated with the barrel model of culture is that: a. culture is integrated, and changes in one part filter into and change other aspects of culture as well b. culture is symbolic, and all parts and aspects of culture are associated with certain primary symbols c. culture is shared, and change that comes in at the top of the barrel will filter down and eventually completely alter everything underneath d. culture is dynamic, and it contains a wealth of information and attributes that can be used over generations
culture is integrated, and changes in one part filter into and change other aspects of culture as well
. All humans eat when they are hungry; however, they eat food that is considered acceptable within their culture at times that are culturally prescribed. This is an example of: a. acculturation b. enculturation c. pluralism d. ethnocentrism
enculturation
Through what process does each person learn socially appropriate ways of satisfying basic biological need? a. enculturation b. diffusion c. juxtaposition d. hegemony
enculturation
The economic foundation of a society is called its: a. infrastructure b. superstructure c. social structure d. interstructure
infrastructure
In the barrel model of culture, what are the three areas most interrelated? a. interstructure, superstructure, and cultural structure b. social structure, political structure, and class c. infrastructure, superstructure, and social structure d. superstructure, interstructure, and social structure
infrastructure, superstructure, and social structure
A society's cultural features fall within all of the following categories except: a. infrastructure b. interstructure c. social structure d. superstructure
interstructure
To ensure group survival, each person must: a. learn to postpone certain immediate personal satisfactions b. maximize acquisition of all material artifacts possible c. suppress biological needs until they are completely controlled d. become highly trained in global technology to be competitive worldwide
learn to postpone certain immediate personal satisfactions
