Anthropology Final

According to the lecture, the first evidence of domestication comes from about:

12,000 years ago

Capitalism is an example of:

A Market System

In "Too Many Bananas", what item did the author buy (with money) that Kolia demanded be returned?

A watermelon

Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language?

Allen and Beatrix Gardener

Ethnicity differs from race in that:

Ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/ or ancestry

Ethnobiologists are primarily interested in the conservation traditions of non-Western peoples.

False

Which is not a characteristic of civilization as defined in the lecture?

Gender Stratification

According to the lecture, the scientific consensus on human-driven (anthropogenic) climate change refers to:

Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree climate-warming is likely due to human activities

_____________ refers to the structure of speech sounds

Phonology

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": According to the studies of Lazarus Geiger, what color term (after black and white) appears first and most often in ancient literature?

Red

This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

"Who Needs Love": The article gives three reasons why Japanese marriages are so strong and durable. Which one of the following IS NOT a reason listed in the article?

Strong religious beliefs

Strong religious beliefs

Strong religious beliefs

The ____________________ suggests that societies throughout the world need environments and technology that provide sustenance for not only present but future generations.

Sustainability Model

The RACE project/exhibit was developed and presented by

The American Anthropological Association

In "Radio Lab: Why Isn't the Sky Blue", how did Guy Deutsher's daughter Alma initially describe the sky?

White

"Who Needs Love": According to the article, all these sanction(s) keep Japanese couples from divorcing EXCEPT what?

Women fear that they will not be able to remarry as no man will want to marry a woman who is not a virgin

Concordant traits are:

a set of traits that always occur together

according to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level is the belief in

a soul

"Berdache Tradition": Among the Lakota Sioux, what vision might indicate that an individual will become a berdache?

a white buffalo calf

One of the plausible reasons for the lack of surpluses in hunter-gatherer groups is that surpluses could deplete local resources. This argument is called

an optimal foraging strategy

When you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called

appropriation

Human skin color is distributed:

as a cline (it's a clinical trait)

One of the ways that archeologists can evaluate the extent of damage done by epidemic diseases in ancient human settlements is through

careful evaluation of skeletons found in burial sites

Which of the following is a contributing factor to the development of creoles, pidgins, and other hybrid forms of language?

colonialsim, globilization, commerce, migration

The point of Mary Douglas' comparison of the proper sequence of an English meal (with dessert at the end), to the structure of a sentence, was to

demonstrate how food was a form of symbolic communication

Negative or unfair treatment because of his or her group membership or identity is

discrimination

Which of the following is a payment made from the groom's family to the bride's family upon their marriage?

dowry

A social movement that addresses the linkages between racial discrimination and injustice, social equity, and environmental quality is

environmental justice

Which system of kinship terminology is typical of most industrialized cultures, including our own?

eskimo

Forensic scientists can identify the race of an individual's skull with 100% accuracy.

false

Total collapse of city-states is a commonplace event.

false

When people around the world have disputes, they are most concerned with winning and losing.

false

nearly all of the ancient societies in the middle east and the mediterranean were monotheistic

false

In "Baseball Magic", what aspect of baseball involves the least amount of chance

fielding

The subsistence pattern utilized by humans for most of our history has been:

foraging

Which mode of subsistence includes the search for wild, edible things?

foraging

For most hunter-gatherer societies, most of the diet comes from:

gathered plants

What do anthropologists call the structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives?

genealogical amnesia

The EARLIEST domesticates include

grasses and dogs

Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government?

hobbes and locke

The decision to marry, and whom we choose to marry, in the United States is drawn strongly from the ideology of

individualism

Which of the following is a feature of language?it is used to communicate

it is symbolic it consists of sounds organized into words according to some sort of grammar

The use of mock Spanish reinforces a common impression that Hispanic people are socially inferior. This is an example of the power of which of the following?

language ideology

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"

marginalizes women's voices in work contexts

"Berdache Tradition": What is the major role of a berdache in many Native American societies?

mediator

Marriage takes different forms in different places. All the terms listed below are forms of marriage except

polyamory

The practice of a man having more than one spouse is called:

polygyny

Which of the following is NOT a type of reciprocity distinguished by Marshall Sahlins?

positive

What is the relationship between power and authority?

power can exist without authority

Intensification, a process that increases yields, can include

prepping soil plant modification large labor force

Economies in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth are known as

prestige economies

Which of the following is not an example of the ways humans vary biologically?

race

What is a life cycle ritual that marks a person's or group of people transition from one social state to another?

rite of passage

Archaeologists today generally agree that most social systems

routinely collapse with no vestiges retained for future civilization

Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races?

scientists

In "Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead", Wade Davis found that zombification in Haiti was used as a sanction to maintain order. Who, does the article say, are the most likely victims of zombification?

social pariahs (outcasts)

Magical techniques may involve

spells. the manipulation of special objects. incantations. (all of the above)

Easter eggs at Easter and Christmas trees at Christmas are items used in the celebration of Christian holidays. As they were borrowed from other religious practices and added to the religion over time, they are examples of _______________.

syncretism

According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with

the domestication of plants and animals

One of the reasons that the understanding of many early city-states is challenging is due to

the lack of written records

In "Baseball Magic", the most common way baseball players attempt to reduce chance and feelings of uncertainty is:

to develop a daily routine

Prayer, eating, sacrifice, music, and transcendent states all have what function in the context of religion?

to help get in touch with the supernatural

In "Too Many Bananas", the author believed tobacco functioned like money.

true

In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.

true

One surprising discovery about hunter-gatherer lives was that they worked only a few hours a week.

true

Patterns of social inequality and racial discrimination have important biological consequences for certain groups, such as African Americans.

true

Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies.

true

In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because

we can speak using a larynx

Does race have biological consequences?

yes, because of racism