Anthropology Quiz answers

Plasticity can be understood as not being Lamarckian because

modification happens before genetic changes appear that keep the change in place across generations

Ethics, which are _______________________________, are important to anthropologists.

moral (I think)

What is diversity focused on?

multiplicity and variety

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is

natural selection

A relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotzil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize what?

that those meanings are only sensible within a culturally specific set of ideas about religion and spirituality

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

the industrial revolution

A quantitative approach to studying the archaeological past would be most interested in

the organizing of images, recordings, field notes, and documents about a field site.

An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as

the superior natural abilities of one group of people allowing them to control an inferior group of people

A key concern in the 1850s that shaped the discipline of anthropology was the emergence of a new scientific theory called "evolution."

true

Anthropologists have always approached a problem by specializing in one of the four subfields.

true

Diversity, defined anthropologically, refers to both multiplicity and variety, which is not the same thing as "difference."

true

Historical archaeologists excavate sites where written historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived.

true

Many evolutionary processes interact to affect the organism.

true

True/False: Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science.

true

True/False: Qualitative methods often use the researchers themselves as the research instrument.

true (I think)

An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize

A commitment to doing no harm Rejection of clandestine research Responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying

the subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities

Archaeology

the subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

Biological anthropology

the thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the 19th century

Charles Darwin

the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic practices

Cultural Relativism

the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice

Cultural anthropology

the 19th century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective

E.B. Tylor

assuming your culture's way of doing something is the best

Ethnocentrism

the subfield of anthropology that studies language

Linguistic anthropology

Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a _____ study.

Qualitative

A change in DNA sequence leading to variation is known as mutation.

True

The comparative method is:

a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor.

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

The practical use of anthropological knowledge to address real-world problems, sometimes called anthropology's "fifth field," is

applied anthropology

A taxonomic structure is one that

both names and classifies all organisms according to a system

One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that

change in organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment

The historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones is called _____________________ and was a driving force in anthropology.

colonialism

A key feature of the _____________ concept is that it refers to the taken-for-granted notions, rules, moralities, and behaviors within a social group that feel natural.

culture

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

describes different kinds of interactions, and important aspects of how we as self-aware beings perceive reality.

The method of data collection that involves prolonged and intensive observation of everyday life and is a hallmark of cultural anthropology is

ethnographic method

refers to the adaptive changes that organisms make across generations.

evolution

Contemporary cultural anthropologists often rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced."

false

True/False: 1. The scientific method is a research method in pursuit of ultimate truths.

false

When cultural anthropologists live in societies for one or more years observing social life, they are doing

fieldwork

The Human Terrain System, a program of the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan, used anthropologists to

help soldiers understand village politics and translate

Linguistic anthropologists traditionally study

how our mouths form words (b) all of the answers are correct(c) how our language evolved (d) how indigenous people classify their social worlds (all of the answers are correct)

What process involves shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one?

industrialization

The practice of anthropologists explaining their research to participants and being clear about the risks involved is called

informed consent

The application of the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on

interviews of village elders in different villages, published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages, and museum collections

Why was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 useful in our understanding of evolution?

it demonstrated that bacteria could quickly develop the ability to resist antibiotics

Speciation, when considered as an outcome consistent with Darwin's idea of descent with modification, supports the idea that

new life forms originate as a result of previously existing ones

In terms of the extended evolutionary synthesis, large-scale agriculture, which produces massive amounts of both food and pollution, can be understood as a form of

niche construction

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of their "primitive" nature

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data

During fieldwork, cultural anthropologists

spending time observing and interacting with members of those cultures, taking notes and gathering data to draw conclusions about lifestyle, habits and beliefs (all of the above)

Domesticated and wild animals may differ in all the morphological traits listed below except

tameness

When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?

the 1800s

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

A qualitative approach to studying social life in your university would emphasize all of the following except..

the construction of statistical models to explain activities in the community

Who is the primary ethical responsibilities of anthropologists to?

the people or species they study

A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research, is

theories

True/False: There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly.

true

Biological anthropologist Andrea Wiley's work with lactase persistence is important to public health because it draws attention to

what food types we have access to and are privileged in policymaking