Anthropology Quiz answers
Plasticity can be understood as not being Lamarckian because
modification happens before genetic changes appear that keep the change in place across generations
Ethics, which are _______________________________, are important to anthropologists.
moral (I think)
What is diversity focused on?
multiplicity and variety
The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is
natural selection
A relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotzil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize what?
that those meanings are only sensible within a culturally specific set of ideas about religion and spirituality
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?
the industrial revolution
A quantitative approach to studying the archaeological past would be most interested in
the organizing of images, recordings, field notes, and documents about a field site.
An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as
the superior natural abilities of one group of people allowing them to control an inferior group of people
A key concern in the 1850s that shaped the discipline of anthropology was the emergence of a new scientific theory called "evolution."
true
Anthropologists have always approached a problem by specializing in one of the four subfields.
true
Diversity, defined anthropologically, refers to both multiplicity and variety, which is not the same thing as "difference."
true
Historical archaeologists excavate sites where written historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived.
true
Many evolutionary processes interact to affect the organism.
true
True/False: Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science.
true
True/False: Qualitative methods often use the researchers themselves as the research instrument.
true (I think)
An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize
A commitment to doing no harm Rejection of clandestine research Responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying
the subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities
Archaeology
the subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called
Biological anthropology
the thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the 19th century
Charles Darwin
the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic practices
Cultural Relativism
the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice
Cultural anthropology
the 19th century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective
E.B. Tylor
assuming your culture's way of doing something is the best
Ethnocentrism
the subfield of anthropology that studies language
Linguistic anthropology
Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a _____ study.
Qualitative
A change in DNA sequence leading to variation is known as mutation.
True
The comparative method is:
a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor.
Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?
anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out
The practical use of anthropological knowledge to address real-world problems, sometimes called anthropology's "fifth field," is
applied anthropology
A taxonomic structure is one that
both names and classifies all organisms according to a system
One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that
change in organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment
The historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones is called _____________________ and was a driving force in anthropology.
colonialism
A key feature of the _____________ concept is that it refers to the taken-for-granted notions, rules, moralities, and behaviors within a social group that feel natural.
culture
A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is
describes different kinds of interactions, and important aspects of how we as self-aware beings perceive reality.
The method of data collection that involves prolonged and intensive observation of everyday life and is a hallmark of cultural anthropology is
ethnographic method
refers to the adaptive changes that organisms make across generations.
evolution
Contemporary cultural anthropologists often rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced."
false
True/False: 1. The scientific method is a research method in pursuit of ultimate truths.
false
When cultural anthropologists live in societies for one or more years observing social life, they are doing
fieldwork
The Human Terrain System, a program of the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan, used anthropologists to
help soldiers understand village politics and translate
Linguistic anthropologists traditionally study
how our mouths form words (b) all of the answers are correct(c) how our language evolved (d) how indigenous people classify their social worlds (all of the answers are correct)
What process involves shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one?
industrialization
The practice of anthropologists explaining their research to participants and being clear about the risks involved is called
informed consent
The application of the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on
interviews of village elders in different villages, published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages, and museum collections
Why was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 useful in our understanding of evolution?
it demonstrated that bacteria could quickly develop the ability to resist antibiotics
Speciation, when considered as an outcome consistent with Darwin's idea of descent with modification, supports the idea that
new life forms originate as a result of previously existing ones
In terms of the extended evolutionary synthesis, large-scale agriculture, which produces massive amounts of both food and pollution, can be understood as a form of
niche construction
Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as
proof of their "primitive" nature
Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing
quantitative data
During fieldwork, cultural anthropologists
spending time observing and interacting with members of those cultures, taking notes and gathering data to draw conclusions about lifestyle, habits and beliefs (all of the above)
Domesticated and wild animals may differ in all the morphological traits listed below except
tameness
When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?
the 1800s
Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because
the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture
A qualitative approach to studying social life in your university would emphasize all of the following except..
the construction of statistical models to explain activities in the community
Who is the primary ethical responsibilities of anthropologists to?
the people or species they study
A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research, is
theories
True/False: There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly.
true
Biological anthropologist Andrea Wiley's work with lactase persistence is important to public health because it draws attention to
what food types we have access to and are privileged in policymaking