Anthropology test 2 chapter 6
. ________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.
Exiles
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called
Migrants
Development anthropologists often think of themselves as
advocates for poor and marginalized people
A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are
being subjected to alien (outside) cultural influences
Cultural ________________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections
diversities
Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?
it explains why conflicts are rising in the world
A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except
it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology
The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of
localization
Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication
mean that people in remote places around the world can communicate with people all over the world
Localization is the flip side of globalization.
true
Multi-sited ethnography
An ethnographic research strategy of following connections, associations, and putative relationships from place to place.
A synonym for hybridization is
creolization
The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because
it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects, also shows how the local clothing market in Zambia is undermined by secondhand clothing
A multi-sited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would be most likely to conduct fieldwork (where):
most likely all of the above
People participate in globalization by
most likely all of the above
The major goal of "development" is
most likely all of the above
Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?
most likely all of the above
Anthropologists use _______________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.
multi-sited ethnography
People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is _________________.
on their own terms
If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, they would probably emphasize
the importance of listening to local voices
A commodity chain analysis applied to motorcars would be interested in all of the following except
the layout of the factory in which the motorcars are built
A key feature of financial globalization is
the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote world trade
Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics
true
Globalization
: The widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.
Migrants
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries
refugees
People who migrate because of political oppression or war, usually with legal permission to stay in a different country
Hybridization
Persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction or end point
Development Anthropology
The application of anthropological knowledge and research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects.
Localization
The creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based identities and communities.
World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?
a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism
The linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object like a T-shirt is called a _________.
commodity chain
In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on
the unexpected social patterns and behaviors that arise from intermingling of athletes and fans from different countries and cultures
. James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists
to expand state/government power over the people
People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion
False
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige and social status through their clothing
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories to other countries, usually countries with low minimum wage, and very relaxed environmental and working conditions and regulations
Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank
false
The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies
true
A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is
Anthropologists of development are there to study development and development anthropologists are there to see how they can influence it
Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?
Comparative method
Exiles
People who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.
Transnational
Relationships that extend beyond nation-state boundaries without assuming they cover the whole world.
The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is
clash of civilizations theory
The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more.
false
When people consume the same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same.
false
Many arguments over global integration are about _____________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.
winners and losers
World Culture
Norms and values that extend across national boundaries.
Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.
Diffusionists
Diffusionists
Early twentieth-century Boasian anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.
According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of crosscultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.
Globalization
Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?
History of the people that isn't written
Cultural _____________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.
Imperialism
One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that
It means that local cultures can express themselves in a global setting
Immigrants
People who leave their countries with no expectation of ever returning.
anthropology of development
The field of study within anthropology concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or, alternatively, the negative impacts of development projects.
Postcolonialism
The field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.
Cultural Imperialism
The promotion of one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, like the spread of technology and material culture.
World Systems theory
The theory that capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and a global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant "core" and a dependent "periphery."
Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?
They highlight the economic stability and power, they promote the so called winners of globalization.
Often, anthropologists use the term ___________ rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people.
Transnational
World systems theory helped anthropologists
better explain historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world, explain uneven development in time, better understand local social relations
Globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before.
false
Cultural differences are often caused by
the isolation of communities
. A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the apparent decline in cultural diversity
A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects.
true