Anthropology test 2 chapter 6

. ________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.

Exiles

People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called

Migrants

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

advocates for poor and marginalized people

A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are

being subjected to alien (outside) cultural influences

Cultural ________________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections

diversities

Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?

it explains why conflicts are rising in the world

A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except

it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of

localization

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

mean that people in remote places around the world can communicate with people all over the world

Localization is the flip side of globalization.

true

Multi-sited ethnography

An ethnographic research strategy of following connections, associations, and putative relationships from place to place.

A synonym for hybridization is

creolization

The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because

it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects, also shows how the local clothing market in Zambia is undermined by secondhand clothing

A multi-sited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would be most likely to conduct fieldwork (where):

most likely all of the above

People participate in globalization by

most likely all of the above

The major goal of "development" is

most likely all of the above

Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?

most likely all of the above

Anthropologists use _______________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.

multi-sited ethnography

People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is _________________.

on their own terms

If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, they would probably emphasize

the importance of listening to local voices

A commodity chain analysis applied to motorcars would be interested in all of the following except

the layout of the factory in which the motorcars are built

A key feature of financial globalization is

the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote world trade

Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics

true

Globalization

: The widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.

Migrants

People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries

refugees

People who migrate because of political oppression or war, usually with legal permission to stay in a different country

Hybridization

Persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction or end point

Development Anthropology

The application of anthropological knowledge and research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects.

Localization

The creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based identities and communities.

World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?

a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism

The linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object like a T-shirt is called a _________.

commodity chain

In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on

the unexpected social patterns and behaviors that arise from intermingling of athletes and fans from different countries and cultures

. James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists

to expand state/government power over the people

People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion

False

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

accumulate prestige and social status through their clothing

Financial globalization has allowed for

corporations to move factories to other countries, usually countries with low minimum wage, and very relaxed environmental and working conditions and regulations

Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank

false

The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies

true

A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is

Anthropologists of development are there to study development and development anthropologists are there to see how they can influence it

Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?

Comparative method

Exiles

People who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.

Transnational

Relationships that extend beyond nation-state boundaries without assuming they cover the whole world.

The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is

clash of civilizations theory

The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more.

false

When people consume the same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same.

false

Many arguments over global integration are about _____________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.

winners and losers

World Culture

Norms and values that extend across national boundaries.

Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.

Diffusionists

Diffusionists

Early twentieth-century Boasian anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.

According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of crosscultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.

Globalization

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

History of the people that isn't written

Cultural _____________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.

Imperialism

One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that

It means that local cultures can express themselves in a global setting

Immigrants

People who leave their countries with no expectation of ever returning.

anthropology of development

The field of study within anthropology concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or, alternatively, the negative impacts of development projects.

Postcolonialism

The field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.

Cultural Imperialism

The promotion of one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, like the spread of technology and material culture.

World Systems theory

The theory that capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and a global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant "core" and a dependent "periphery."

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?

They highlight the economic stability and power, they promote the so called winners of globalization.

Often, anthropologists use the term ___________ rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people.

Transnational

World systems theory helped anthropologists

better explain historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world, explain uneven development in time, better understand local social relations

Globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before.

false

Cultural differences are often caused by

the isolation of communities

. A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that

they explain the apparent decline in cultural diversity

A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects.

true