Africina Study Midterm Review
From 1500-1800----------- Africans were forcibly moved from African to the Americans
10-12 million
Reconstruction
12 years after Civil War 1865-1877 former Confederate States restored to Union, former slaves became citizens,gained rights to vote, and hold political offices. KKK
What percentage did not survive the 6-8 week voyage
15%
The Declaration of Independence was signed in ----- Britain didn't recognize American Independence until------
1776,1783
Dred Scott v. Sanford case
1857 Missouri slave D.S. black people (not just slaves) had no rights in America and therefore could not bring lawsuits before the courts
13th Amendment
1865 abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
15th Amendment
1870 right to vote
After the American Revolution, how many slaves were in the U.S.?
700 thousand
In West African Society, many families were polygnous
A family unit consistenting of a man, his wives, and their children
Moral Suasion
AASS in 1830. slaveholders and others to support immediate emancipation on the basis of Christian Principles
The origin of humanity lie in which of the following continents?
Africa
Richard Allen founded the first independent black church
African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME)
In Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson stated that
Africans were inferior to whites in terms of beauty and intelligence
Sharecropping
After Civil war, former slaves worked land owned by whites,paid for the use of land and tools , seeds, fertilizer, and mules by sharing crops (mostly cotton) with owner
Who became president after Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Immediatism
Anti-Slavery movement . Began in U.S. 1820, demanded that slavery be abolished immediately
Black codes
Applied to only Black People rights to marry, contract a debt, own property , restricted rights and opportunities
How is the issue of freedom form blacks connected to the subject of land after the Civil War ?
Blacks wanted their own private lands after receiving freedom
Freeman Bureau
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land in Feb. 1865 to assist black and white southerners left destitute by Civil War
Westward expansions of U.S. encouraged 1 million American-born slaves to be sold into Deed South in 1790-Civil War
Domestic Slave trade
Cotton gin
Eli Whitney in 1793 speed production of cotton, separate cotton seeds from fiber
---------- was the basis of revolutionary ideology
European Enlightenment
Manumission, North West Ordinance of 1787, the free black class
Freedom
Lord Dunmore, of VA's, proclamation promised
Freedom to escaped slaves who joined the loyalist army
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Cause of the American Revolutionary War
Harsh and the lack of an American voice in the British Parliament
Concerning Human Understanding , John Locke applied Issac Newton's philosophy of laws of physical universe to
Human and Politics
The type of slavery exists before chattle slavery
Indentured Servitude
The two religious traditions in the 15th century in West Africa
Islam and Indigenous
how did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the war
It became a war to free slaves, giving North a moral advantage
What is true about the end of Reconstruction ?
It left few lasting benefits for blacks
What did the 14th Amendment accomplish
It made all people born in the U.S. citizens 1868 due process
Why we know about the Underground Railroad
It was a secret and unofficial organization with no centralized command
Which scholar / philosopher was an influence on the Enlighten thought in Europe
John Locke
Americans that wished to remain within the British Empire
Loyalist
What was a common feature of many sharecropping agreements
Most of the time landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Nearly doubled the size of U.S
Americans that favored independence from Britain
Patriots
largest transporters of African slaves during the Atlantic slave trade
Portugal
Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln , Jan.1, 1863, freed slaves in in areas of the the Confederate states not under Union control
Which black man was selected from South Carolina to participate in the 1864 Republican National Convention
Robert Smalls
What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?
Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible
Coffle
Slave chained together that was typical of the domestic slave trade
U.S Constitution , cotton, Louisiana Purchase
Slavery
True about black officeholders during Reconstruction?
Some had been free before war ; some had been slaves
How did some former masters react to the emancipation of their slaves
Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when their slaves chose to leave after freedom
True about punishment for slaves
Southern whites though black would not work unless they the threat of physical punishment
Which is a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?
The FB was given huge responsibilities but insufficient funds to carry out its tasks
What is the connection between the Ku Klux Klan and Reconstruction?
The Klan promoted violence in the interest of Southern Democrats who ended Reconstruction
Which of the following statements best describes the thringular trade produced by the Atlantic Slave Trade
The middle part of the trade included traders carrying African Slaves to the West Indines and exchanging
How would an African most likely become a slave
Their town or village was conquered by another African Army
Which of the following was true about Black Codes
They denied blacks the rights to serve on juries
True about the importance of education to blacks after Reconstruction ?
They saw education as freedom as closely linked and often went to great lengths to form schools and attend them
Main author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Black people recognized long before most white northerners that the fact of the Union was inextricably tied to the issues of slavery
True
The Idea that blacks had no rights in the U.S. , as declared in the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case, was fully scuttled when Congress passed the 14 Amendment
True
The end of slavery created initial social opportunities for blacks to create segregated religious institutions
True
why did African enslave other Africans and sell them to Eurpoeans?
Warfare among Africans tribes led to selling defeated tribes to make money and get rid of opponents
Which side of the Revolutionary War did African Americans join?
Which side offered them freedom
How do blacks and whites interact in the image of the Confederate assault on Fort Pillow
White troops massacre innocent blacks and defenseless black and white Union troops
factory
a headquarters for a European company that traded for slaves or engaged in other commercial enterprise on West African coasts
Hired their own time
a master allowed slaves to work for wages paid by someone other than the master himself
manumission
act of freeing a slave by the slave's master
Confederacy
association of slave state that left the Union 1861
How did whites react to blacks attempting to establish schools in the south?
by using violence , killing teachers
Best characterizes slave childhood
childhood was minimal and kids were doing adult work at between ages 8-12
European Industrial Revolution saw increase in textile, which caused and increase in demand for -----from America
cotton
Slave dependent crop the most important
cotton
Industrial Revolution
economic change that began in England during the early 18th century and spread to Continental Europe and the U.S. Industry from agriculture became the dominant form of enterprise
chattel
enslaved are treated legally as property
In the hierarchical society of West Africa, slavery
functioned as a means of assimilation into West African Societies
How were black volunteers greeted by the U.S. government in 1861
government accepted the early volunteers as contraband, but didn't enlist them
American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) goals
immediate end slavery, with no compensation for owners
Indentured servant
individual who sells or looses his or her freedom for a specific number of years
True about the KKK
it conducted campaigns of violence, murder, and terrorism against blacks
What were the terms of Special Field Order #15
it was issued by General Sherman, set aside land and allowed some former slaves to use army mules
Freedom suits
legal cases where slaves sued their masters for freedom
True of slave marriages on plantations
masters allowed pairings among male and female slaves
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
masters can recapture slaves who reached free states and return them to their home states
Seasoning
newly arrived Africans were broken into slavery in the Americas
Assimilation
process by which people of different backgrounds become similar to each other in culture and language
What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom
reuniting with lost family members
How did African women experience differ from African men's experience on slave ship
sexual violence from crew
Which slave group had the highest status on plantation
skilled slaves
(AASS) arguments to convince people that slavery should be abolished
slavery led to brutality and violence
Underground Railroad
slaves escape from the upper south to Canada and North, 19th century
Unique about slave population of U.S. compared to other slave populations in the New World
slaves in U.S. population grew by natural reproduction
Result of Nat Turner's rebellion
slaves in the uprising killed at least 50 whites
Contraband of war
slaves who escaped to Union or were captured by Union troops during Civil War, considered enemy property
hierarchical
social system based on class rank
What crops grown in America that needed labor and helped lead to slave trade?
sugar cane, tobacco, cotton
In 1800, VA, Gabriel planned to revolt to
take control of VA government and end slavery
tariff
taxes on goods
Clause in U.S. Constitution gave white planters power in government
the 3/5 clause
Fugitive slave law of 1850 strengthen previous laws
the law would punish citizens who failed to help capture runaways
American Colonization Society goals
to gradually free slaves, through purchasing them and sending them to Africa
What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
to help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to freedom
What was Lincoln's initial aim regarding the Civil War when it began in 1861
to preserve the Union without ending slavery
How were the concepts of freedom and education interrelated in the minds of blacks after the Civil War
to remain illiterate was to remain enslaved
Domestic Slave Trade
trade in America, slaves purchased in the border south and sent overland or by sea to the cotton growing regions of the Old Southwest
African Americans come primrialy from which region of Africa?
west
polytheistic
worship of many gods