Anthropometry

What is compared when determining body composition?

% body fat is reflected by body composition

Skinfold measures

%BF and subcutaneous fat

IBW for females (Hamwi)

100 for 5ft +5lbs per inch over 5 ft

IBW for males (Hamwi)

106 for 5 ft + 6lbs per inch over 5 ft

According to the Hamwi equation, a 25-year-old female who is 5'4" tall should weigh approximately

120 lb

The IBW range for a female who is 5'7" tall is

135 +- 10%

An individual has a height of 5 ft 7 inches. How much would this person have to weigh in order to have a body mass index of 23?

147

Bod Pod is what kind of compartment?

2

If a patient has a UBW of 200 lbs and now weighs 150 lbs, what is the percentage weight loss

25%

If a patient has a UBW of 200 lbs and unintentionally lose 50 lbs in 1 year, what is the percentage weight loss and their nutritional status?

25%, severe weight loss

BMI for overweight

25-29.9

When taking skinfold thickness measurements, a minimum of _____ and as many as ___ areas of the body should be measured

3 , 9

A person is 5 ft, 5 inches tall and weights 192 pounds. Which of the following correctly represent this person's body mass index?

32

What body-composition measurement technique involves the use of a device that measures the body's ressitance to an electrical current

BIA

What is used to measure body water?

BIA weight change abdominal girth (waist circumference)

Which of the following is the most suitable anthropometric measurement for the clinical setting.

BIA?

________ is a measurement(s) including height and weight assessed in combination with age and gender.

BMI

BMI equation

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2)

What anthropomentric device assesses body composition by displaced air

BOD POD

What are the cutoffs for growth charts?

Below the 5th percentile is considered underweight 85th percentile is considered overweight 95th percentile and above is considered obese.

measuring ulna length

Bend the left arm against the chest. Measure from the tip of the elbow to the styloid process.

What kind of things does anthropometry assess?

Body composition, protein status, muscle strength, and body fat.

Two compartment model

Body fat mass and fat free mass

The four components model

Body fat mass, protein, total body water, bone

Children age 3 and older use growth charts made by the ___________ that include these measurements

CDC height, weight, and BMI

What can the waist to hip ratio indicate?

Central obesity and risk for CVD

What anthropometric device assesses body comp using x-ray technology

DXA

What is considered the best alternative height measure?

Demispan because it does not decline like standing height does with age. Best for people with a health risk or over the age of 25.

Why is anthropometry important?

Establishes normative data and standards Assesses the efficacy of treatments Determines the impact of disease states

How often are growth charts updated?

Every 20 years or so

The weight distribution of women who carry most of their weight in the hips is described as

Gynoid obesity

________ is a quantitative index for assessing upper-body strength, a good predictor of measure for muscle strength, and a biomarker for identifying sarcopenia

Handgrip strength.

The TSF:

Is an index for body fat stores

What can anthropometric values help identify?

Malnutrition and responses to medical nutrition therapy.

Waist circumference measurement for women

Measure at the narrowest place for waist. Measure at the widest place for hips

What is used to measure protein status?

Mid-arm-muscle circumference Grip strength Plasma proteins

Lean mass includes all

Muscle, bone, and tissue

The patient has experienced an unintentional weight loss of more than 10% in six months. This weight loss is considered

Severe Significant is 10% in 6 mo. Severe is over 10% in 6 mo.

Dexa scan is what model?

The 3 compartment model because it can differentiate between soft tissue and bone.

Which compartment model is most common?

The two compartment model can easily be completed from basic assessment: skin fold, weight to height ratio, and field assessments.

The purpose of cutoffs is:

To make comparisons between populations and decrease assessment bias

What is used to measure fat stores?

Triceps skinfold BMI DXA BIA MRI or CT Ultrasound Waist circumference Waist to heigh ratio

Infants up to age 2 use a growth chart made by the _________ that includes these measurements:

WHO length, head circumference, weight, and weight for length

Waist circumference for men

Waist is measured at the navel Hips are measured at the hip bones.

BMI is an indicator for

adiposity

An alternative to using hydrostatic weighing to directly determine body density is

air displacement plethysmography

Examples of the 4 compartment system

bioelectrical impedence, doubly layered water method with trained personal and equipment.

Three compartment model

body fat mass, lean tissue mass, and bone

Densitometry evaluates

body volume and body density Two methods: underwater weighing and bod pod

Anthropometric measurements

body weight, stature, composition, and area measurements such as circumferences (waist and hip), skinfold (SF), and bone dimensions. Can be direct or derived

Skinfold measurements for men

chest, abdomen, and thigh make sure to separate skin from muscle

Why is head circumference important in children?

corresponds to brain development.

Percent usual body weight is calculated as

current weight/ usual weight x100

How is height measured for people unable to stand?

demispan, knee height (KH), or ulna length (UL)

______ fat is the type of fat that is needed by the body to function optimally and protect organs

essential

Women have more of what kind of fat than men

essential and storage

Underwater weighing

estimates body density by measuring how much water is displaced. Uses body weight before and after submersion to generate an estimate of body volume.

MRI

gives chemical composition of the body to see different types of tissue.

BMI for obesity

greater than 30

Percentiles do not reflect

health outcomes

BIA is impacted by

hydration

What anthropomentric device assesses body composition by displaced water

hydrostatic weighing

Anthropometric measurements have two requirements:

indicators and cutoffs ex of indicators are percentiles and Z-scores. ex of cutoffs would be what percentile is considered under or over weight.

BOD POD

inside the pod is a known volume of air. It measures the difference in the volume of air you displace and how much you weigh. It does not give an indication of total body water.

BMI is preferred because

it is noninvasive and inexpensive

Protein status is not an accurate representation of

lean body mass

Men have more ____ _____

lean tissue

BMI for under weight

less than 18.5

Mid-upper-arm circumference

measures muscle protein (lean muscle)

Body mass index

measures obesity by considered both weight and height

bioelectrical impedance

measures resistance to electrical current in the body. Pads are usually applied to the hands and feet. 20% of fat is water and 80% of muscle is water. The quicker the electrical impulse travels, the leaner you are.

WC is a valid measure for

metabolic syndrome, predictor for CVD, and type 2 diabetes.

A body weight (as percent of usual body weight) of 89% is considered to be

mildly malnourished?

In terms of BC measurement, what body tissue is a good conductor of electricity

muscle

A person's basal metabolic rate is directly related to

muscle mass

Height and weight are often used to establish

nutritional status, thinness, and fatness

A patient has BMI of 30. This is considered to be:

obese

A 4 year-old child whose BMI for sex and age is greater than or equal to the 85th percentile but less than the 95th percentile would be considered

overweight

measuring knee height

sliding board caliper or measuring from the top of the knee to the base of the heel while positioned at a 90 degree angle

How to measure demispan

sternal notch to the tip of the finger. Use equation

A skinfold assessment is a method for determining %BF by measuring ___________ body fat.

subcutaneous

A skinfold assessment is a method for determining total body fat by measuring

subcutaneous body fat

What is anthropometry?

the study of human body measurements, especially on a comparative basis

The purpose of cutoffs is

to make comparisons between populations and decrease assessment bias

The most common site used for obtaining skin-fold thickness measurments is the:

triceps skinfold

BMI does not account for

type of fat, account for growth, gender, ethnicity, or athletes which can confound association of BMI to adiposity cannot explain body composition changes

DXA

uses x ray as a three compartment model. Different levels of absorption will indicate what kind of tissue it is passing through. Considered the gold standard in determining bone density.

How should height be measured

wall mounted stadiometer