Antiquarianism

Processualism/ Cultural Process Approach

1960's process of change (culture no longer follows static rules)

Archeological context

Characteristics of archaeological data that result from combined behavioral and transformational processes, which are evaluated by means of recorded association, matrix, and provenience.

Three Age System

Christian Thomsen - 19th century scholar created the diachronic model of STONE, BRONZE, IRON

"Culture History Age"

Dominated first half of 20th century, marked by on temporal and spatial syntheses of data and the application of general descriptive models usually derived from a normative view of culture.... Idealized traits that identify culture

scientific method

The operational means of science, by which natural phenomena are observed and conclusions drawn.

archaeological record

The physical remains produced by past human activities, which are sought, recovered, studied, and interpreted by archaeologists to reconstruct the past.

culture

The way humans adapted to their environment. (non-genetic adaptation in 32ays): technology, social systems, and ideology

antiquarianism

a nonprofessional who studies the past for its artistic or cultural value - amateur collectors and speculators... ot like looters

stratigraphy

a relative dating technique. older stuff have to below younger stuff

hypothesis testing

a statement of relationships based on a set of assumptions. Then you test that hypothesis through research.

un-linear evolution

all human socieities change according to a single fixed evoltionary course, passing through the same stages...ie. savegery, barbarism, and civilization - Lewis Morgan

Material Culture

biological and psychological needs are satisfied by different culture's infrastructure, composed of technology, economy, and demography.

site

collection of artifacts, ecofacts, and features

post-processualism

don't focus on comparing cultures, focus on the people of the culture. Need to understand the past from people who lives in the past.

artifact

has been made/modified by humans- portable

uniformitarianism

the processes that went on in the past are the same ones that are going on today

multi-linear evolution

theory of cultural evolution. Culture's pursue individual evolutionary career -> cultural systems do not follow a single pattern