A+P 1 Midterm Multiple Choice Questions

If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine (G) present?

28%

A cell finishing mitosis has _______ DNA molecules, while a cell finishing DNA replication has _______ DNA molecules.

46; 92

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?

6

What is a sesamoid bone?

A bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress

The term physics, physiology, and physician come from a term that ________ proposed to distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.

Aristotle

_______ play an important role in cell division, and they are made of _______

Centrioles; microtubules

Which of the following is not directly involved in translation?

DNA

_______ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication; _______ adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand.

DNA helicase; DNA polymerase

Which of the following bones is a single unpaired bone?

Ethmoid

_______ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Excitable

_______ provide motility to a sperm cell, _______ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells, and _______ increase a cell's surface area.

Flagella; cilia; microvilli

The most influential medical textbook of the ancient era was written by _______

Galen

In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)? CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3

H2CO3

Which of the following is not a nucleotide?

RNA

Cells were first discovered when a scientist named _______ observed cell walls in cork under a microscope.

Robert Hooke

Which of the following is not found on a typical vertebra?

Vertebral head

A mutation is ________

a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?

a hydrogen bond

Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell?

active transport

Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of _______ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp.

apocrine

The _______ glands are a source of sex pheromones.

apocrine

Genes produce their products __________.

as their products are needed or not

The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to the following characteristics of the lesion:

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

both are examples of carrier-mediated transport

A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) _______

buffer

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _______ is important to the disposition of bone.

calcitriol

The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms is _______

called Terminologia Anatomica (TA)

Potential energy stored in bonds is released as _______ energy.

chemical

Which of these molecules is hydrophobic?

cholesterol

Which of the following is not associated with the composition of the cytoskeleton?

cilia

Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?

collagen and fibroblasts

The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _______

compact bone

The study of the structure and function of cells is called _______

cytology

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both _______ and _______

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

The _______ gives rise to the _______

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

The study of how hormones function is called _______

endocrinology

Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial?

epidermis

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called the _______

eponychium

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called ________

evolution

Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has __________ valence electrons.

four

Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the _______ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.

fourth

A _______ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA.

gene

The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the _______

gene pool

Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called _______ bound to three _______

glycerol; fatty acids

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the _______

glycocalyx

Cell division is stimulated by _______ and suppressed by _______

growth factors; contact inhibition

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

hematoma formation - > soft callus formation - > hard callus formation - > bone remodeling

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is ________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid, and will cause the cell to ________

higher; shrink

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called _________

homeostasis

Negative feedback loops are ________.

homeostatic mechanisms

Accumulated cell products that are never enclosed in a unit membrane are called ________.

inclusions

In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with two abnormal alleles die of heart attacks in childhood, those with only one abnormal allele typically die as young adults, and those with two normal alleles have normal life expectancies. This exemplifies ________

incomplete dominance

The G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called _______

interphase

When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water _______.

ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken

Increased bilirubin levels cause a skin discoloration called _______

jaundice

ATP _______ endergonic and exergonic reactions

links

Which of the following bones forms the bulk of the hard palate?

maxilla

The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is _______

melanoma

The middle primary germ layer is called _______, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called _______, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.

mesoderm; mesenchyme

Hypocalcemia can cause _______

muscle spasms

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________

negative feedback

During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of ________

negative feedback

The plasma membrane is permeable to ________, but impermeable to ________

nutrients; proteins

Bone forming cells are called _______

osteoblasts

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

osteoclasts

The most common bone disease is _______

osteoporosis

A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) _______

oxidation

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________

palpation; percussion

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates _______ secretion, which leads to _______.

parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the _______, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the _______

periosteum; endosteum

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of ________

phagocytosis

The study of how the body functions is called ________

physiology

Which of these brings nonspecific material into a cell?

pinocytosis

Proteins are ________ built from ________ different amino acids.

polymers; 20

Nucleic acids are _______ of _______.

polymers; nucleotides

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of ________

positive feedback

Which of the following is most likely to cause disease?

positive feedback

After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called _______

posttranslational

All enzymes are ________.

proteins

If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another, we say that it is a(an) _______ allele.

recessive

_______ approaches understanding of the human body by studying the interactions of its parts

reductionism

Most kidney tubules are made of _______ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

simple cuboidal

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through _______ epithelium.

simple squamous

A human is born before his/her nervous system has matured. This is traceable to _______

skeletal adaptations to bipedalism

Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) _______, the protein is in a(n) _______, and the cells are in a _______

solution; colloid; suspension

Why does an adult not have as many bones as a child?

some separate bones gradually fuse with age

The _______ suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone.

squamous

The _______ is absent from most epidermis.

stratum lucidum

The _______ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

suprasternal notch

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

synovial

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in _______

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in _______

the chemical bonds of organic molecules

All of the following are organs except ________

the digestive system

Male and female pelves differ in all of the following features except _______.

the female sacrum is longer

Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can get?

the relationship between its volume and surface area

A(n) ________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function.

tissue

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are _______ stem cells.

totipotent

Found in the urinary bladder, _______ epithelium resembles _______ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

transitional; stratified squamous

Blood functions to _______

transport nutrients to the tissues