AP

The atomic mass of carbon is 12. How many protons are in this atom?

6

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

Anticodon

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

CH4

The structural and functional units of organisms are the

Cells

Using an electron microscope, the cell reveals microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a:

Centriole

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule

Codon

Which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living systems

Complete glucose decomposition

Regarding a negative feedback loop, the part of the control loop responsible for analyzing and integrating information from the sensors found around the body is the:

Control Center

Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as second messengers?

Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

The random movement of molecules resulting in net movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called:

Diffusion

_____ requires a carrier molecule, but does not use cellular energy (ATP).

Facilitated diffusion

The principle function of the _____ is to process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles.

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following are a characteristic of an enzyme?

Has a specific active site which binds to one substrate and speeds up the rate of reaction

The umbilicus is _____ to the thoracic region.

Inferior

Which of the following is true of the plasma (cell) membrane?

It is a selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell

Which statement is most correct of homeostatic imbalance?

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:

It shrinks

When a neutral atom becomes a cation (i.e., positive ion), it has: (an example is a calcium ion Ca2+)

Lost electrons

Negative-feedback mechanisms

May have a receptor, a control center, and an effector

A 65-year old patient presents with symptoms that include loss of motor control, muscle weakness and pain, gastrointestinal disorders and swallowing difficulties, and extreme fatigue. The organelle that is most likely failing in this individual?

Mitochondria

A red blood cells is placed in pure water would:

Swell and burst

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion?

The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

The more alkaline a solution is:

The higher the pH

Which statement is the MOST correct regarding transcription/translation?

The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

Which body cavity contains the pleural and pericardiac cavities?

Thoracic Cavity

The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called

Transcription

RNA is used to produce proteins is called

Translation

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) _________________ mRNA codon.

UCG

For (net) diffusion to occur from point A to point B there must be:

a concentration difference between A and B.

A gene can best be defined as:

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being:

acidic

Which of these is are a connective tissue?

adipose tissue, blood, and areolar tissue

If an atom were to have two protons, then it would:

be very stable

In redox reactions:

both decomposition and electron exchange occurs

Cells are composed mainly of:

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is IMPERMEABLE, what could happen?

cells lose water and shrink

The differences between mixtures and compounds include:

chemical bonding does not occur between the components of a mixture

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called:

frontal

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of:

glycogen

Salts are ALWAYS:

ionic compounds

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

lining the thoracic cavity

The abdominal cavity contains the:

liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

microvilli

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane protein?

molecular transport through the membrane

Carbohydrates are comprised of:

monosaccharides

Passive membrane transport processes include:

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Isotopes of the same element have the same:

number of protons but different number of neutrons

Which of the following cavities are lined by serous membranes?

pelvic cavity, pleural cavity, abdominal cavity, and pericardial cavity

Some hormones enter cells via:

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is associated with:

release energy

The coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix is referred to as the:

secondary structure

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it could not:

synthesize protein

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the

tRNA

DNA replication:

takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

The plasma membrane is:

the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

The speed or rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

the presence or absence of carbon