AP Agriculture Unit
carl sauer theories
"cultural landscape" and "possibilism"
Desert
0-10 inches
Which area of the world would most likely lead the others in the production of rice?
East & South Asia
MDCs tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?
Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency
Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region to the US is able to maximize profits?
Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product
Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images?
Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production.
Which is not an outcome of the 1st agricultural revolution?
Need for more farmers. With an increase in population there was a need for more farmers. Less specialization in jobs.
Which statement accurately describes the recent trend(s) in US agriculture?
The total revenue of agricultural sales is becoming more concentrated in fewer large corporate farms.
_____ is (are) widespread in semiarid climates throughout the world
ranching
creative destruction
removal of what nature originally produced to grow what is desired.
The Green Revolution greatly increased crop production in some countries ___
with some adverse side effects
Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?
Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.
Based on von thunes's model or rural land use, which if the following explains the location of agricultural practice A or B relative to the market?
Practice A represents intensive land use, requires a smaller parcel of land, and can afford higher land costs closer to the market.
The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?
Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources
Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?
Farmers in Europe and the US use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.
Which area of the world would most likely lead the others in the production of wheat?
Ukraine or Eastern Europe
Slash and burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?
Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash ans burn agriculture that have s long-ranging effect on a broader region
mediterranean
dry summers, wet winters
ice cap
no months average above freezing
steppe
10-20 inches-hot deserts, dry grasslands
tropical rainforest
90+ inches-hot and humis
feed lots
Giant holding area that handles tens of thousands of chicken, cow, pig etc. at a time. Fatten them up and get them ready for a processor.
Based on the map (lettuce clustered in Southern CA), which of the following best explains the production of lettuce in the US?
Lettuce production in the US is an example of commercial farming. Most lettuce is produced, processed, and packaged for sale in supermarkets that are a significant distance from where the product was grown.
Which is not true about dairy farming?
Milk production has decreased since 1970. Even though there are more farms today - there is less production.
Synthetic hormone that mimics real growth hormones produced by the cow
Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH)
Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in LDCs as compared to MDCs?
Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.
Which of the following best explains the significance between farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?
Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.
Which of the following is false about economic sectors in the 21st century?
Core countries employ most of their workers in Secondary activities.
Which of the following phrases would best fit the Second Agricultural Revolution?
The Second Agricultural Revolution brought mechanization into the farming process.
Which of the following best explains patterns of subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire?
While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.
CAFO
a concentrated animal feeding operation is an animal feeding operation (AFO) that (a) confines animals for more than 45 days during a growing season, (b) in an area that does not produce vegetation, and (c) meets certain size thresholds
company controls everything from seeds to products
agricultural industrialization
The effects of biotechnology ____
all of the above (yields, world, them)
The Green Revolution had all of the following effects except
brought the overall price of farming down for most farmers
intertillage
clearing of rows in fields through the use of hoes, rakes, and other manual equipment (by hand)
tundra
cold, permafrost, sun doesn't rise
horticulture
growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as well as tree crops.
In areas of shifting cultivation the population:
has a low population density
Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?
Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of grass pastures, increasing profits for the farmer.
Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?
Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to the markets in the US and Canada.
Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?
Countries with a larger percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture
Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?
A system where consumers in MDCs purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions
Which is not true of von Thunen's model?
Extensive agriculture takes place on large plots in the inner rings and intensive agriculture on small plots in the outer rings
Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in MDCs and LDCs?
Farmers in LDCs were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in MDCs
Which of the following explains a reason why education and employment rates for women are lower in less developed compared to more developed countries?
Females take primary responsibility for harvesting and cooking food in LDCs.
A typical grocery store in the US may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?
Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.
The two images show a different form of beef production. Which of the following statements explains a primary difference between the agricultural practices?
Image 1 shows traditional beef production, which has regained popularity because of perceived environmental and ethical benefits compared to the beef production shown in Image 2
The images show examples to agricultural technology developed during different time periods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images?
Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields.
Using the data shown, which of the following best explains the spatial variations of rural women's roles in food production and food preparation?
In LDCs, females and males tend to participate equally in harvesting and preparation tasks
Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes, and lemons are grown?
Intensive agriculture is practice in a Mediterranean climate
Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von thunen's model?
Labor intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town.
What is the primary difference between livestock ranching & livestock fattening?
Livestock ranching requires more space than livestock fattening
Whcih of the following best explains the farming practices related to plantation agriculture?
Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop
Three of the largest dairy regions in the US are the Northeast (NY & PA), the Upper Midwest (WI, MN), & California. What explains this phenomenon?
The climates are more conducive for raising dairy cattle.
Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?
The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain
The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Which of the following best describes advances in the production of textiles during the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?
The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for raw cotton in the agricultural sector.
Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the two images?
The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern.
The two images show an agricultural transition that occurred in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains how this transition helped meet a challenge of contemporary agriculture?
The increased crop yield produced more food for a growing urban and industrial population
Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images?
The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern.
Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results form irrigation in arid regions?
The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.
what are the vertical climates?
Tierra; Caliente, Templada, Fria, Helada Paramo
Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both location s shown?
Town ship and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages
In 2017, the US exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?
US and Mexican producers rely on each other's market to sell certain beef products.
Which of the following correctly explains the relationship betweeen wheat and its early hearth of domestication?
Wheat was first developed in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to cross breeding of seeds
Which of the following was von Thünen not concerned with in his model on agriculture?
double cropping
difference in livestock fattening/ranching
fattening-no space for animals ranching-lots of space
humid subtropical
houston
All of the following are major contributors to desertification except ___
hypoxia
Which of the following requires many people to work the land, focuses on a small plot of land, or both?
intensive agriculture
most practiced form of agriculture
intensive subsistence
Forms of subsistence agriculture
intensive, pastoral nomadism, slash and burn
economies of scale help agricusiness by
large businesses have competitive advantage over smaller businesses
Which type of survey pattern of farming would be found in Louisiana or Mississippi Delta region of the US?
long lots
economic system where private companies under government charter carried out trade. The goal was to benefit the mother country. Still seen today
mercantilism
Farming in the US, in particular, has experienced which pattern?
movement to agricultural industrialization
a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
organic farming
Which of the following was introduced to the Old World as part of the Columbian Exchange?
peanuts
locavore movement
people who consume products grown and raised nearby - "local foods" How far has your food traveled?
Which of the following is not a common method of preserving food around the world?
pounding out the juices then wrapping in wax paper
marine
rainy all year (ireland,seattle,washington)
Which of the following are both forms of extensive subsistence agriculture?
shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism
Labor-intensive Intertillage is most likely to take place in areas where farmers practice __
slash and burn agriculture
In arid climates, like southern Californian & the Middle East, _____ can cause the soil to become salty and infertile.
soil salination
In which of the following areas was rice domesticated earliest?
south asia
desertification
spread of desert-like conditions to non-desert areas. Serious problem in the Sahel.
The majority of the world's people that are involved in agriculture - practice which form?
subsistence intensive agriculture
subarctic
summer and winter change is crazy-Taiga
barely, wheat, lentils
sw asia
Which of the following is not a form of commercial agriculture?
swidden
In which of the following areas has desertification had the strongest negative impact on food production?
the african sahel
The Industrial Revolution transformed Western agriculture
through mechanization & the creation of new markets
Slash & burn agriculture is ___
typical for tropical rain forests
Which of the following accurately describes the evolution of food production from the earliest development to the latest?
vegetative agriculture, seed agriculture, the Columbian Exchange
plantation agriculture
very large area of land that is privately or government owned and employs resident labor to cultivate a single commercial crop.
Which is not true of food deserts?
Affects mostly farmers and other people in rural areas
A bacteria that produces a toxin have been spliced into the genes of corn to make them fungi and pest resistant
BT corn
Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle?
Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable.
Which is not true?
Dispersed settlement pattern is the most common settlement pattern in the world. The staple grains of the US are rice and wheat yellow - ranching and animal crops W Europe - rye, tomatoes, tobacco, vanilla, & peppers
Which of the following scenarios best explains the Colombian Exchange?
Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.
