ap bio chapter 7 :)

yeast cells grown anaerobically can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of

ATP, CO2, and ethanol

in addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

NADH and pyruvate

the oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

which of the following is an accurate description of the events that occur along the electron transport chain depicted in figure 7.2?

each electron transfer between carriers results in oxidation of one carrier and reduction of another

why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

early steps consume energy from ATP, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH

the complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration occurs through which of the following sequence of metabolic reactions?

glucose > glycolysis > pyruvate oxidation > citric acid cycle > electron transport chain

which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

glycolysis

which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent?

glycolysis

which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis and fermentation

where in the mitochondria is the enzyme ATP synthase localized?

inner membrane

where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

inner mitochondrial membrane

why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

it does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial intermembrane space

carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

when a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule becomes

oxidized

when a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the NAD+ molecule becomes

reduced

the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

serve as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

the H+ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase

which metabolic pathway generates a proton gradient?

the electron transport chain

the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration consumes how many molecules of oxygen?

6