AP Bio chapters 14 and 15 review questions
What is the flow of information for the synthesis of proteins according to the central dogma?
DNA to mRNA to protein
If the sequence of the 5' to 3' strand is AATGCTAC, then the complementary sequence has the following sequence:
3'-TTACGATG-5'
Which of the following does the enzyme primase synthesize?
Okazaki fragments
Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
TATA box
Uracil is found where?
mRNA
Which polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of 5S rRNA?
polymerase III
What processing step enhances the stability of pre-tRNAs and pre-rRNAs?
methylation
A poly-A sequence is added at the:
3'-end of a transcript in the nucleus
Which set of results was found in the Meselson and Stahl's experiments?
The original chromosome was split and half went to each duplicate
Why are the −10 and −35 regions of prokaryotic promoters called consensus sequences?
They are similar in all bacterial species
What is a purine?
a double ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring
If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27% A, what would be the percentage of C?
27%
How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?
36
In which direction does DNA replication take place?
5 to 3
Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for initiating translation?
7-methylguanosine cap
The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding of what?
Radioactive phosphorus was found in the cell
Which of the following molecules does not contain genetic information?
protein
Nucleotide excision repair is often employed when UV exposure causes the formation of what?
pyrimidine dimers
The peptide bond synthesis in prokaryotic translation is catalyzed by:
ribosomal RNA
Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode?
semi-conservative
Which type of point mutation would have no effect on gene expression?
silent
The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained by what?
telomerase
The sequence that signals the end of transcription is called the:
terminator
If a prokaryotic cell is replicating nucleotides at a rate of 100 per second, how fast would a eukaryotic cell be replicating nucleotides?
10 per second
In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
20
The DNA of virus A is inserted into the protein coat of virus B. The combination virus is used to infect E. coli. The virus particles produced by the infection are analyzed for DNA and protein contents. What results would you expect?
DNA and protein from A
Which enzyme is most directly responsible for the main process of producing a new DNA strand?
DNA pol III
During proofreading, which of the following enzymes reads the DNA?
DNA polymerase
What is the initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA?
DNA polymerase proofreading
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?
Degeneracy
Which of the following features distinguishes eukaryotic transcription from bacterial transcription?
Eukaryotic transcription and translation do not take place at the same time
Who was the first person to isolate the material that came to be known as nucleic acids?
Friedrich Miescher
You have developed skin cancer and you are pregnant. You are worried that your child will be born with the cancer you have while carrying the baby. Should you be worried?
No, the mutations causing the cancer are in somatic cells, not reproductive germ cells
What is the difference in the rate of replication of nucleotides between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are 10 times faster
What is bacterial transformation?
Transformation is a process in which external DNA is taken up by a cell, thereby changing morphology and physiology
What are Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS)?
areas of eukaryotic chromosomes that are equivalent to the origin of replication in E. coli
In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are found in/on the:
cytoplasm
Which enzyme initiates the splitting of the double DNA strand during replication?
helicase
In eukaryotes, what is DNA wrapped around?
histones
At what stage in the transcription of a eukaryotic gene would TFII factors be active?
initiation
If the ρ protein is missing, will a prokaryotic gene be terminated?
it depends on the gene
Which portion of a chromosome contains Okazaki fragments?
lagging strand
What type of body cell does not exhibit telomerase activity?
liver cells
Which molecule in the central dogma can be compared to a disposable photocopy of a book kept on reserve in the library?
mRNA
What is often the first amino acid added to a polypeptide chain?
methionine
Which type of point mutation would result in the substitution of a stop codon for an amino acid?
nonsense
What type of nucleic acid material is analyzed the most frequently in forensics cases?
nuclear chromosomal DNA
Where are the RNA components of ribosomes synthesized?
nucleolus
Which of the following is not one of the proteins involved during the formation of the replication fork?
origin of replication
What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of α-amanitin?
pre-mRNAs
What would happen if the 5' methyl guanosine was not added to an mRNA?
the transcript would degrade when the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What are introns?
untranslated DNA sequences in a gene
The DNA double helix does not have which of the following?
uracil
Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription?
σ
