AP bio final

Environmental factors cause changes in gene expression, resulting in seasonal variations in pigment production

In the spring and summer..... which of the following most likely explains how the changing seasons result in changing fur color in an article fox?

The substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does

A mutation in the gene...... Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted in decreased catalytic activity by the mutated enzyme?

0.02430

A particular genetic disorder..... assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is closest to the frequency of carriers in the general population?

36

A researcher hypothesizes that..... which of the following is the expected number of offspring that will display both trait Q and trait R?

The chloroplasts will generate less ATP

A researcher is investigating the effects of a chemical bond..... Which of the following is. The most likely direct effect of adding the chemical to plant cells?

The null hypothesis should be rejected because the critical value is less than the calculated value

A researcher observes.... Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the chi-square analysis, using a p-value of 0.05?

The chemical inhibits DNA ligase

A scientist adds.... Which of the following claims is the best supported by the data?

Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

A typical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but trace amounts of magnesium and calcium. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule in which it will be incorporated by organisms in the area?

Bile salts decrease the surface tension of the urine sample

A common test for liver function..... Which of the following best explains why bile salts cause the sulfur powder to sink?

The extra chromosome will affect the levels of RNA transcribed from certain genes and the amount of protein produced from those genes in each cell

A karyotype.... Which of the following most likely explains how the chromosomes circled in Figure 1 could cause a genetic disorder in the person from whom the cells were obtained?

Line 1 represents ATP hydrolysis, and line 4 represents phosphorylation of a substrate

Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following most like;u represents the change in energy that occurs when ATP hydrolysis is coupled with the phosphorylation of a substrate?

The trait is autosomal recessive, because the cross between individuals I-1 and I-2 produced an affected offspring

Based on the pedigree in Figure 1, which of the following best explains the observed pattern of inheritance?

The mutation changes a codon in the coding region of the HBB transcript to a stop codon such that translation terminated earlier than it should

Beta thalassemia..... which of the following is the most likely explanation of how a mutation in the DNA could result in the loss of the carbonyl terminus of the HBB protein?

The number of signaling molecules that are produced or activated increases with each step in the pathway

Blood vessels are.... Which of the following is represented by the gradual increase in thickness of the arrows from the top to the bottom of Figure 1?

The bumblebees have undergone niche partitioning due to competition

Different species of bumblebees.... Which of the following best explains the relationship between the different bumblebee species living in the same area?

Cells of ripening fruit produce ethylene, which activates the ripening response in other fruit cells

Ethylene gas..... Which of the following best explains how a positive feedback mechanism involving ethylene works?

The rate decreases because the ratio of product to substrate increases

Figure 1 shows the amount of product produced in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction over five minutes. Which of the following best explains how the rate of the reaction changes over time?

The two species have a different number of chromosomes, resulting in a postzygotic barrier

Goats and sheep belong....... Which of the following best explains the mechanism that maintains reproductive isolation between goats and sheep?

There will be a large decrease in the trout population, resulting in an increase in damselfly nymphs

Low concentrations of cadmium....... Which of the following is the most likely immediate effect of an increase in runoff containing cadmium one the tropic structure of the river community?

The relationship is an example of mutualism because both the plant and the bat benefit

Pitcher plants are carnivorous.... Which of the following best describes the relationships between the pitcher plant and the woolly bat?

A decrease in average tusk size because elephants with large tusks are less likely to survive to reproduce

Poaching is the illegal....... Assuming that the size of the tusks is heritable, which of the following is the most likely long-term effect of preachers targeting African elephants with large tusks?

Alanine binds to an allosteric suite of the enzyme, changing the shape of the enzymes active site

Pyruvate kinase..... Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which alanine inhibits pyruvate kinase activity?

Insects and vertebrates

Researched analyzed the amino sequence..... which of the following organisms are most distantly related?

A longer exposure to light increases the rate of mRNA G degradation but not of mRNA H degradation

Researches investigated whether..... based on the data, which of the following best describes the relationship between light and the degradation of mRNA G and mRNA H?

Sample 1

Researches studying new viruses..... Which of the following samples most likely contains a double-stranded RNA virus?

Methyl (CH3) group

The amino acid..... Which part of the amino acid most likely contributes to the hydrophobic behavior of this region of the polypeptide?

Melatonin synthesis will be inhibited, and the persons will have difficulty sleeping

The human sleep-wake cycle...... Long term exposure to extended periods of bright light after sunset is most likely to affect a person in which of the following ways?

Nucleotide bases in one strand can only be paired with specific bases in the other strand

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of DNA that can be incorporated into DNA?

The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers

Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Replication uses a parental strand of DNA as a template to create a new strand of DNA

Which of the following best explains how continuity of genetic information in cells is ensured across generations?

The cells transcribe and translate different combinations os genes, leading to the production of different sets of proteins

Which of the following best explains how some cells of an individual produce and secrete a specific enzyme, but other cells of the same individual do not?

The protein will be made but will not function, because prokaryotes cannot remove introns

Which of the following best explains how the expression of a eukaryotic gene encoding a protein will differ if the gene is expressed in a prokaryotic cell instead of in a eukaryotic cell?

Mitochondria have their own DNA and divide independently of the cell

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis?

They produce viable but sterile offspring

Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that two plants belong to different biological species?