AP Bio Unit 2

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell

C

Site of conversion of chemical energy to glucose ATP

A

The illustration above is a model of a typical beet root cell. Based on the experimental results, which of the following best represents the effect of acetone on the permeability of cellular membranes?

All dots outside the cell after. All dots inside circle before.

Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus

Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote.

B

Site of glucose synthesis.

B

Which of the following descriptions of cell type I and cell type II are most consistent with the data?

Cell Type I: Animal cell surrounded by a plasma membrane only. Cell Type II: Plant cell surrounded by a plasma membrane and a call wall

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusion. (The formula for the surface area of a cube is 6 X S2, and the formula for the volume of a cube is S3, where S = the length of a side of the cube.) Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?

Cube with greatest surface area to volume ratio.

Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

D

Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell?

Embedded in the plasma membrane

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y?

Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.

Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

The addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers.

Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?

The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?

The cuboidal cell

Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process?

The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage DNA by breaking weak bonds. Which of the following best explains how this occurs?

UV radiation disrupts the double helix structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs.

The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?

The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.

A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?

The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine.

The student analyzed the data from the investigation and concluded that the estimate of the mean of one treatment group was unreliable. Which of the following identifies the treatment group most likely to have provided an unreliable estimate of the mean, and correctly explains why the estimate appears unreliable?

Treatment group II; it has a lower than expected mean absorbance and the largest standard error of the mean.

Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

Based on the data from the investigation, which of the following is the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is polluted with organic solvents?

Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes?