AP Biology 3C Review Questions

A particular type of leukemia has been linked to a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22. The shortened version of chromosome 22 is highly recognizable. What would be the best method to identify the presence of this mutation?

Karyotype

Which is primarily responsible for the rapid evolution of HIV?

Lack of proofreading when copying nucleic acids

The image shows the chromosomes of a person. Which terms best describe this person?

Male with a disorder

Why aren't viruses considered to be alive?

All of the above

The presence of reverse transcriptase indicates:

the presence of a single-stranded RNA virus

Researcher Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed a wild type female fruit fly heterozygous for the traits cinnabar eyes and vestigial wings with a male fruit fly displaying both traits. The number of offspring produced was 965 with wild type wings and eyes, 185 with wild type eyes and vestigial wings, 206 with cinnabar eyes and wild type wings, and 944 with cinnabar eyes and vestigial wings. What is the rate of cross-over between these genes?

17%

Which of the following gene mutations is least likely to have a harmful effect on the resulting protein?

A missense substitution

Ampicillin-sensitive bacteria are exposed to a plasmid containing the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. They are then spread on two agar growth plates. Plate A contains growth medium only. Plate B contains growth medium and ampicillin. Which plate might be expected to have cultures of ampicillin-resistant bacteria growing on it?

Both plate A and plate B

The red viscacha rat has almost twice as many chromosomes as one of its closest relatives, the mountain viscacha rat. What mechanism most likely resulted in the evolution of the red viscacha rat?

Errors in meiosis

Which population would be expected to have the greatest genetic diversity?

Flowering grasses

Sickle cell anemia is caused by the mutation of a single base pair in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation results in hemoglobin molecules that form long chains in low-oxygen settings and stretch the blood cells into their characteristic sickle shape. What would the result be if a different base pair in the sickle cell hemoglobin gene were to become mutated?

It is impossible to predict what the effect would be without knowing more about the mutation

The autosomal recessive condition, Tay-Sachs, can be attributed to a mutation in the gene for the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetylhexosaminidase A (Hex-A). A loss of Hex A function leads to the disruption of ganglioside processing in the lysosome and subsequent buildup of metabolic intermediates. As a way to understand the effect of the mutation on cell physiology, tissue biopsies from normal and affected individuals were allowed to take up 14C labelled gangliosides for a fixed period of time then fractionated into subcellular components. The level of radioactive counts in each subcellular fraction is shown in the following table: Despite the fact that Hex-A expression/function is widespread, occurring throughout the body, the Tay-Sachs phenotype is most prominent in the nervous system. Which of the following functions is most likely impacted by the mutation?

Membrane production and maintenance

Bacteriophage viruses were produced in the presence of radioactively tagged materials, resulting in the presence of both radioactive proteins and radioactive nucleic acids in the viruses. These viruses were then allowed to infect bacteria in normal growth medium. Viruses produced during the lytic cycle were sampled for radioactivity. What parts of the virus should show radioactivity?

Neither the proteins nor the nucleic acids

Bacteriophage viruses were added to a petri dish containing sterile agar growth medium. After a week, the dish was sampled and the amount of viruses present was compared. What results would be expected?

No new viruses will be present without the presence of host bacteria

This image shows the chromosomes of a person. Which of these terms is most relevant to the karyotype shown?

Nondisjunction

Researcher Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed a wild type female fruit fly heterozygous for the traits cinnabar eyes and vestigial wings with a male fruit fly displaying both traits. The number of offspring produced was 965 with wild type wings and eyes, 185 with wild type eyes and vestigial wings, 206 with cinnabar eyes and wild type wings, and 944 with cinnabar eyes and vestigial wings. This trait could best be described as:

Simple dominance, linked genes

Sickle cell anemia is caused by the mutation of a single base pair in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation results in hemoglobin molecules that form long chains in low-oxygen settings and stretch the blood cells into their characteristic sickle shape. Malarial parasites are less able to enter cells that are affected by the sickle mutation. How would this affect the likely phenotypic distribution of this allele?

The allele would be more common in areas with high malarial activity

In rock pocket mice, a mutation in the gene for fur color results in black fur instead of the brown fur found in mice without the mutation. This mutation causes the mice to be more visible in areas of scrub. Which description best fits our understanding of how phenotypic mutations affect populations?

The black fur mutation might not be successful in scrub areas, but might be successful in areas with dark terrain

Which is NOT a source of variation in populations?

These are all sources of variation

Bacteriophage viruses were produced in the presence of radioactively tagged materials, resulting in the presence of both radioactive proteins and radioactive nucleic acids in the viruses. These viruses were then allowed to infect bacteria in normal growth medium. During later testing, some of the bacteria were found to contain radioactive nucleic acid, but show no signs of viral activity. Which is NOT a possible explanation?

These bacteria have been infected by viruses that are in the lytic cycle

This image shows the chromosomes of a person. Which term best describe this image?

Trisomy

In dogs such as dalmatians and boxers, proper production of pigment cells is essential for correct formation and functionality of the inner ear. The piebald allele causes the dog fur to lack pigment. Areas of low expression can result in splotches of brown or black on the dog. Strong expression can also result in one or two blue eyes on the dog. Which of the following dogs is most likely to be deaf?

White dog

A particular gene is found to have the ability to "cut and paste" itself in different areas of the genome. This type of gene is best described as

a transposable element