AP: Ch. 15-17 Quia and Workbook

muscle fibers usually contract to about __ % of their starting length

80 percent

proper functions of gluteus medius

abductor and rotator

proper functions of the deltoid

abductor, flexor, and extensor

endurance training is also called

aerobic training

the prime mover can also be called the

agonist

the prime mover is also known as the _______

agonist

the chief function of the T tubule is to

allow the electrical signal to move deep into the cell

when a muscle shortens, the central body portion called the _____ contracts

belly

which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? - rectus femoris - biceps femoris - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius

biceps femoris

an aponeurosis is

broad and flat

kissing

buccinator

which muscle tissue contains intercalated disks

cardiac

which muscle tissue has larger-diameter T tubules that form diads with sarcoplasmic reticulum

cardiac

which muscle tissue is striated and contains a single nucleus

cardiac

many flexors of the wrist and hand pass through a curve formed by the carpal bones called the ______ ______

carpal tunnel

__________ muscles have fascicles that radiate out from a small to a wider point of attachment, much like the blades in a fan

convergent

the pectoralis major muscle is an example of a __________ muscle

convergent

wrinkling of the forehead vertically

corrugator supercilii

myosin heads are also called

cross-bridges

all of the following are rotator cuff muscles except: - deltoid - infraspinatus - supraspinatus - teres minor

deltoid

enlarges thorax

diaphragm

the characteristic of the rectus

direction of fibers

prolonged inactivity causes muscles to shrink in mass, a condition called

disuse atrophy

proper functions of soleus

dorsiflexor or plantar flexor

raising the eyebrows

epicranius

an entire skeletal muscle is covered by a coarse sheath called

epimysium

moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

extends vertebral column

erector spinal group

proper function of fibularis longus

extensor

proper function of trapezius

extensor

proper function of triceps brachii

extensor

proper functions of gluteus maximus

extensor and rotator

elevates ribs

external intercostals

T/F: a muscle contracts the instant it is stimulated

false

T/F: anaerobic respiration is the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP

false

T/F: muscles move with more tone than normal are described as flaccid

false

T/F: skeletal muscle has a poor ability to stretch

false

T/F: skeletal muscles have little effect on body temperature

false

T/F: the levator ani closes the anal canal

false

T/F: the optimum angle of pull of a muscle is generally parallel to the long axis of the bone

false

T/F: contraction of the internal intercostal muscles elevates the ribs

false - external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs - internal intercostal muscles depress the ribs

T/F: the latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a fusiform muscle

false - latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a spiral muscle

T/F: convergent muscles are said to be "featherlike" in appearance

false - the pennate are "featherlike" in appearance

T/F: muscles that move the thigh and lower leg can be divided into two groups, muscles that come from the hips and those that come from the gluteal muscles

false - they are divided into three parts: 1) muscles crossing at frontal hip 2) the three gluteal muscles and the tensor fascinae latae 3) the thigh adductors

T/F: the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles act as antagonists

false - they are prime movers, agonists

T/F: the energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of amino acids

false, ATP

T/F: the vastus intermedius originates on the posterior surface of the femur

false, anterior and lateral

T/F: intrinsic muscles of the hand originate on the forearm and insert on the metacarapals

false, extrinsic

T/F: the biceps brachii is an extensor muscle

false, flexor

T/F: the iliopsoas is composed solely of the psoas major and the iliacus

false, psoas major, iliacus, and sartorius

T/F: the cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum

false, sarcolemma

T/F: the origin of a muscle is the point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts

false, the insertion

T/F: a T tubule sandwiched between sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum is called a codon

false, triad

the correct order of arrangement of skeletal muscle cells, from largest to smallest, is

fiber, myofibril, myofilament

proper function of biceps brachii

flexor

proper function of iliopsoas

flexor

proper functions of pectoralis major

flexor and adductor

proper functions of the gracilis

flexor and adductor

proper functions of gastrocnemius

flexor and extensor

muscles located on the lower leg move the ____

foot

a fixed point about which a rod moves is called a

fulcrum

in first-class levers the

fulcrum is between the pull and the load

the characteristic of the adductor

function

a common site for intramuscular injections is the

gluteus medius

increase in muscle size is called

hypertrophy

the muscles of the hamstrings include all of the following expect the - iliopsoas - semitendinosus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris

iliopsoas

during __________ the diaphragm flattens

inspiration

provides important postural function

internal oblique

pushing against a wall is an example of which type of contraction

isometric

when a muscle does not shorten and no movement results, the contraction is

isometric

which statement is true of smooth muscle - it lines the walls of many hollow organs - it is striated - it is voluntary - there are many T tubules throughout smooth muscle

it lines the walls of many hollow organs

helps form the floor of the pelvic cavity

levator ani

a _____ is any rigid bar free to turn about a fixed point called its fulcrum

lever

the characteristic of the brachialis

location

the powerful muscles that either elevate or retract the mandible are the ________ and the __________

masseter and temporalis

the region of a muscle fiber where a motor neuron connects to the muscle fiber is called the

motor endplate

which of the following statements concerning isometric contractions is true - the length of the muscle changes - muscle tension decreases - joint movements are swift - muscle length remains constant

muscle length remains constant

sarcoplasmic reticulum is - a system of transverse tubules that extend at a right angle to the long axis of the cell - a segment of the myofibril between two successive Z lines - a unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber - none of the above

none of the above

the characteristic of the quadriceps

number of heads

the principal components of a motor unit is

one somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibers supplied by a somatic motor neuron

antagonists are muscles that

oppose prime movers

closing the eyes

orbicularis oculi

which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? - trapezius - pectoralis minor - levator scapulae - rhomboideus

pectoralis minor

muscles that are arranged like feathers in a plume are described as

pennate

the soleus muscle is an example of a _______ muscle

pennate

fascicles are bound together into bundles by a tough connective tissue envelope called _________

perimysium

the connective tissue sheath that envelops bundles of muscle fibers is the

perimysium

the muscular pelvic floor filling the diamond-shaped outlet is called the ________

perineum

the characteristic of the sternocleidomastoid

points of attachment

which of the following is NOT a general function of muscle tissue - movement - protection - heat production - posture

protection

grating the teeth during mastication

pterygoids

lever systems have four component parts: (1) a lever, (2) a fulcrum, (3) a load, and (4) a ____

pull (P)

depresses last rib

quadratus lumborum

flexes trunk

rectus abdominis

physiologic muscle fatigue is caused by

relative lack of ATP

the skeletal muscle fiber characteristic of excitability directly results in these cells being capable of

responding to nerve signals

proper function of rhomboid major

rotator

which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? - adductor longus - gracilis - iliopsoas - sacrospinalis

sacrospinalis

the contractile unit of myofibril is the

sarcomere

during muscle contractions, Ca++ is released from the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

the anterior superior iliac spine is the site of origin for the

sartorius

bends the head and neck laterally

semispinalis capitis

the characteristic of the deltoid muscle

shape

the deltoid is so-named because of its descriptive _____

shape

the characteristic of the gluteus maximus

size of muscle

which muscle tissue contains many nuclei near the sarcolemma

skeletal

which muscle tissue is voluntary

skeletal

which of the following muscles usually is under conscious control? - cardiac - smooth - skeletal - involuntary

skeletal

which muscle tissue has loosely organized sarcoplasmic reticulum

smooth

which muscle tissue is located in the walls of hollow organs

smooth

which muscle tissue is not striated

smooth

which muscle tissues principal function is peristalsis

smooth

plantar flexion of the foot is achieved by the

soleus

skeletal muscles are innervated by

somatic motor neurons

"prayer" muscle

sternocleidomastoid

flexing the head

sternocleidomastoid

the rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and _____________

subscapularis

the type of lever arrangement in which the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weight to be moved is a _____ -class lever

third

which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? - rectus abdominis - external oblique - transverse abdominis - internal intercostals

transverse abdominis

the muscle that shrugs the shoulders is the

trapezius

the staircase phenomenon is also known as

treppe

the olecranon of the ulna is a site of insertion for the

triceps brachii

the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the

triceps brachii

the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the _______ _______

triceps brachii

which of these muscles serves as an extensor of the forearm? - biceps brachii - brachialis - brachioradialis - triceps brachii

triceps brachii

what are myofilament proteins

troponin and tropnmyosin

T/F: a motor neuron together with the cells it innervated is called a motor unit

true

T/F: actin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present on the thin myofilament

true

T/F: anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called lactic acid

true

T/F: both the pectoralis minor and the serratus anterior help hold or "fix" the scapula in place

true

T/F: cardiac muscle is also known as striated involuntary

true

T/F: carpal tunnel syndrome affects the median nerve

true

T/F: during rest, excess oxygen molecules in the sarcoplasm are attracted to a large protein molecule called myoglobin

true

T/F: if muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, the strength of the muscle contraction will decrease, resulting in fatigue

true

T/F: in muscle terminology, the term rectus means straight

true

T/F: isotonic contraction is one in which the tone or tension within a muscle remains the same, but the length of the muscle changes

true

T/F: muscles maintain posture by the property of tonicity

true

T/F: muscles that move the forearm are found proximal to the elbow

true

T/F: one method of studying muscle contraction is called myography

true

T/F: prime mover and agonists are synonyms

true

T/F: rigor mortis is caused by a lack of ATP to "turn off" muscle contraction

true

T/F: skeletal muscles usually act as groups rather than individually

true

T/F: the Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and soleus

true

T/F: the I band resides within a single sarcomere

true

T/F: the coccygeus muscles and levator ani form most of the pelvic floor

true

T/F: the deltoid is a good example of a multifunctional muscle

true

T/F: the deltoid is an example of a multifunction muscle

true

T/F: the external intercostals elevate the ribs

true

T/F: the external oblique compresses the abdomen

true

T/F: the gluteus muscles are examples of muscles that are named by location

true

T/F: the length/tension relationship states that the maximum strength a muscle can develop is related to the length of the fibers

true

T/F: the minimum level of stimulation required to cause fiber to contract is called the threshold stimulus

true

T/F: the muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall are arranged in three layers

true

T/F: the pectoralis major flexes the upper arm

true

T/F: the rectus abdominis flexes the trunk

true

T/F: the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, excretory, and endocrine systems all contribute to the ability of muscles to maintain posture

true

T/F: the soleus muscle is responsible for plantar flexion

true

T/F: the thick myofilament is made up of myosin

true

T/F: there are two types of smooth muscle: visceral and multiunit

true

T/F: tipping the head back, as in looking up at the sky, is an example of the function of a first-class lever

true

T/F: weakness of abdominal muscles can lead to a hernia

true

T/F: with aging, connective tissue replaces some muscle fibers, causing decreased muscle strength

true

what is a quick, jerky response of a given muscle to a single stimulus called

twitch

the muscles of the quadriceps femoris include all of the following except - vastus intermedius - vastus medialis - vastus lateralis - vastus femoris

vastus femoris

assists in laughing

zygomaticus major