Ap classroom Unit 4 progress check

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which might best be used to undermine or modify the author's argument in the second paragraph? A.)Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms. B.)Christian and Jewish communities in many other Muslim states in the period circa 1450-1750 enjoyed some of the same rights as Ottoman Christians and Jews did. C.)The Ottoman Empire was a preferred destination for Jews fleeing religious persecution in Europe, as well as for Protestant Christian groups fleeing Catholic persecution in Central and Eastern Europe. D.)Many Ottoman Christians and Jews achieved great financial success through commercial activities, including long-distance trade.

A.)Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms.

Which of the following developments can be most directly attributed to Portuguese and Spanish state sponsorship of maritime exploration in the late fifteenth century? A.)Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean B.)Improvements in Europeans' ability to prevent the spread of infectious diseases C.)Religious divisions in Europe related to the Protestant Reformation D.)The development of theories of natural rights and representative government

A.)Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s? A.)Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa. B.)State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories. C.)The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states. D.)Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest.

A.)Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.

Which of the following would a historian most likely cite as evidence in support of the author's argument in the second paragraph of the passage? A.)The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders B.)The Ottoman practice of devshirme, a military levy of Christian boys who would be converted to Islam and trained as Ottoman Janissary soldiers or bureaucrats in state service C.)The Ottoman practice of farming out the collection of taxes to local private individuals (some of them non-Muslim), because of the shortage of trained government financial officials D.)The Ottoman sultans' continued powers of granting final approval for any high-ranking appointment of a non-Muslim religious leader, including the power to approve patriarchs and bishops of the various Christian communities and chief rabbis of the Jewish community

A.)The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders

Which of the following best describes the author's argument in the first paragraph? A.)The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified. B.)Barbadian slaves are punished more leniently than slaves working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands. C.)Plantation owners who punish their slaves too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly. D.)The punishments of slaves in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly slave uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island.

A.)The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified.

The privileges discussed in the last two paragraphs of the passage best demonstrate that in some instances in the period 1450-1750 A.)internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states B.)states implemented policies seeking to restrict the role of certain minority groups in economic and social life C.)monarchs had to resort to deploying standing armies to crush regional revolts by hereditary local elites D.)states successfully established professional bureaucracies to reduce reliance on mercenaries and tax farming

A.)internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states

The report's position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors' goal to A.)secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade B.)highlight the gender and family imbalances created by the slave trade C.)recommend that the company expand its operations to the Indian Ocean and the spice islands of Southeast Asia D.)offer a comparison between the profitability of East African versus West African slave trade routes

A.)secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade

The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT A.)Many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it B.) the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox C.)the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease D.)smallpox was widespread among Native Americans

B.) the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

Which of the following best describes the author's claim in the second paragraph? A.)The extensive mining of precious metals on Caribbean islands has destroyed the islands' natural environment. B.)Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy. C.)Slave political grievances are threatening the political order in American colonial societies. D.)Barbadian plantation owners are the wealthiest social group in the Caribbean.

B.)Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy.

The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maritime exploration efforts by England, France, and the Netherlands were most directly connected to which of the following historical processes? A.)The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation B.)Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia C.)The transfer of engineering and navigational knowledge from the classical and Islamic worlds to Europe D.)The need to ease population pressures in Europe by establishing settlement colonies

B.)Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire

The fact that the Russian tsar insisted in the last paragraph that some ambassadors be treated differently from others best illustrates which of the following about international politics in the period circa 1650-1750 ? A.)The Christian countries of Europe had banded together to defeat the threat from the Muslim Ottoman Empire. B.)Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe. C.)Poland and the Ottoman Empire both felt threatened by the rising military might of Russia. D.)The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Russia, and most other European countries were bound by international treaties prohibiting the mistreatment of ambassadors.

B.)Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the first paragraph of the passage? A.)The Mamluk ruling elites of Egypt were made up of slave soldiers of various ethnic origins, including Turco-Mongolic peoples from the Black Sea steppes and peoples from the Caucasus Mountains. B.)The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt. C.)The Mamluks were one of the very few Muslim dynasties to have successfully defeated invading Mongol armies in battle. D.)The Jewish community in Mamluk Cairo included many prominent figures, including royal physicians, scholars, and administrators.

B.)The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt.

Which of the following processes most immediately led to the global expansion of European political power in the period circa 1500 ? A.)The Columbian Exchange B.)The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople C.)Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods D.)Advances in medicine that improved Europeans' ability to survive in tropical climates

C.)Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods

Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage? A.)The current political and economic makeup of European colonies in the Caribbean is not sustainable over the long term. B.)Christianity will provide a solution to the social ills of colonial societies in the Caribbean. C.)Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits. D.)It is incumbent upon France to try to wrest control of Barbados from Great Britain.

C.)Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits.

The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox's impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans? A.)Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority B.)Evidence from population genetics C.)Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs D.)Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue

C.)Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs

As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450-1750 ? A.)Mercantilist philosophy continued to inform the economic and social policies of many states. B.)Many states were able to consolidate their political systems and eliminate challenges to monarchical power. C.)Religious differences stopped being a significant factor in the weakening and fragmentation of imperial states. D.)Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.

D.)Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.

The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim? A.)The author's statement that Native Americans lived in a "trading house" near the English settlement B.)The author's statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not "make a fire, or fetch water to drink" C.)The author's statement that the English settlers "took pity" at the sight of the Native Americans' suffering D.)The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"

D.)The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"

The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company's directors in the letter can best be described as A.)evenhanded in describing the benefits and detriments of various proposed options to the States General B.)shaped by views of European cultural and religious superiority over African peoples, which the States General representatives would have been likely to share C.)dismissive in its evaluation of the military and strategic importance of the kingdom of Kongo to the Netherlands D.)seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially

D.)seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially