AP CSP Khan Academy and Quia Review

Character Hexadecimal Chart A:41 B:42 C:43 D:44 E:45 F:46 What is the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number for the character "F"?

01000110

A computer is built up with layers of components, from the lowest level components to the highest level components. Sort these component from high-level (at the top) to low-level (at the bottom): CPU transistor logic circuit logic gate

1. CPU 2. logic circuit 3. logic gate 4. transistor

The Apple iPhone includes a settings menu where you can toggle various accessibility options on or off: What is the minimum number of bits that can represent those 2 options?

2 bits

Noemi works out of an office in San Francisco that recently got an upgrade to a 1 Gigabit Fiber internet connection. Ammar works at a company in Pakistan with a 500 Kbps internet connection. How much faster is the SF office connection than the Pakistan office connection?

2000x

Convert the hexadecimal number 17 into decimal:

23

What is the minimum number of bits needed to represent 6 things?

3 bits

Your programmer friend told you that they just turned 11110 years old, in binary. How old are they in decimal? 11110 =

30

It's your friend's birthday, and you want to use binary numbers for the candles on their cake. Your plan is to use green candles to mean "on" and gray candles to mean "off". What's the least number of candles you need in order to represent the age 18?

5 bits

The diagram below shows a circuit with three gates, where the output from two OR gates are sent into a final AND gate. The circuit has four inputs (A, B, C, D), two for each OR gate. If the final output is 0, what is a possible state of the inputs A/B/C/D?

A = 0, B = 1, C = 0, D = 0

The diagram below shows a circuit where an AND gate leads to an OR gate. The circuit has three inputs (A, B, C) and a single output. If the output is 000 and input C is 000, what are the possible states of inputs A and B? Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

A and B can both be 0 A can be 1 while B is 0 B can be 1 while A is 0

The domain name system is widely touted as a highly scalable distributed system. What does it mean for a system to be scalable?

A scalable system can handle an increasing number of users.

Which of the following in NOT a block in Snap?

Animate

Bett sends an instant message to her friend Mielle over the internet. Their computers use the TCP/IP protocols to communicate. What's the best description of how Bett's computer sends the message?

Bett's computer splits the message into packets (if it's long enough). It does a three-way handshake with Mielle's computer to establish the connection, then sends each packet to Mielle's home router. If her computer detects packet loss, it re-sends the missing packets.

Tom is recording an album of songs using a digital audio recording application, and he wants the recordings to be high quality. Which advice will best help him to achieve his goal?

He should save the audio using a lossless compression algorithm.

Arlo is visiting Kiev, Ukraine. He looks up his IP address while he's in the hotel and sees: 236.171.38.187 He's excited because it contains his favorite number. How long will he likely have this IP address for?

His IP address will remain the same as long as his laptop continually stays connected to the hotel network.

______ is a protocol used to connect and identify any end device or communication device to the Internet.

IP

If the output wire is on (1), what are the possible states of the input wires? A - B = OR Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Input A is 1, input B is 0 Both inputs are 1 Input A is 0, input B is 1

The world is currently in a transition to using IPv6, a newer version the IP protocol that uses 128-bit addresses instead of 32-bit addresses used by IPv4. What is the main problem that IPv6 was created to solve?

It is needed because there are so ,any devices, however they will stick connect via DNS.

Why is data compression important?

It isn't so much about the size of the file on the device but rather the time needed to transfer it online.

Jay is playing BigBalloon, an online multiplayer balloon popping game, and is trying to help his team win during a rumble with another team. However, his attempts to pop balloons aren't working. He's clicking the balloons as soon as he sees them, but the other team's clicks are counting instead. What's the most likely explanation for why that might be happening?

Jay's on an internet connection with too high latency.

A network that is designed to provide connectivity for devices within a limited area, typically within the premises of a home, office, building, business, or school is called an ______

LAN

Remy is setting up a cooking blog and is deciding whether to use lossy compression algorithms on her photos of yummy meals. What's a good explanation of the benefits and drawbacks to lossy compression algorithms?

Lossy compression algorithms reduce the file size, but the compression is irreversible, so you need to store the original images if you ever want to display the photos at a higher quality.

Which logic gate will invert a single value?

NOT gate

Cora is planning to take photos of her cat and print posters of each photo to hang on her walls. What advice will help her the most in creating high-quality posters?

She should save photos with a lossless compression algorithm, to ensure that the posters are of highest quality.

A new internet provider ZoomyZoomy is creating advertising for their fast upload speed. Which of these has the correct unit?

Sign up now for an upload speed of 50 Mbps

A student was recording a song on his computer. When the recording is finished, he saves a copy on his computer. The student notices that the saved copy is of lower sound quality than the original recording. Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the sound quality?

The sound wave saved using fewer bits per second that the original song.

Which of these best describes the fault tolerance of routing on the internet?

There are multiple routes for each IP packet to follow. A packet can be re-routed if a path becomes unavailable.

T or F: RLE (Run Length Encoding) is an example of losses compression algorithm.

True

A network that is designed to provide connectivity for a networking cover a large geographical area or campus and usually consists of several smaller networks, which might use different computer platforms and network technologies, is called an ________.

WAN

Alejandro wants to explain the importance of file extensions to his friend. Which of these explanations is the best?

When a file has an extension, the computer can decide what application to open it in.

Pixar is a company that creates a huge amount of images, audio recordings, and videos, and they need to decide what compression algorithms to use on all those files. When would Pixar most likely use lossless compression?

When saving the rendered 3D images that will become the film.

Peter wants to make a computer, but doesn't have the money to buy a CPU. He only has the money for a keyboard, RAM (Random Access Memory), and monitor. Why is the CPU important?

Without a CPU, the computer can't process the data that comes from the keyboard.

Consider these two files: A still screenshot of the Apple homepage A 5-second video of the same Apple homepage Is it possible for the video to take up less space than the image?

Yes, if the video is compressed with a lossy compression algorithm.

Which of the following is NOT a great example of abstraction, for what you've learned so far?

a master mechanic teaching an apprentice a particular technique

In the Micro:bit command, display.show(Image.HAPPY), Image.HAPPY is referred to as an _________.

argument

The term for the maximum transmission capacity of a communication channel is ________.

bitrate

A Micro:bit has a temp sensor build into the board - the temp function return the value in ______

celsius

The FOREVER block is an example of an ______.

iteration

What is now the primary reason for compressing data?

limited network bandwidth

Categorize each process as either lossless or lossy: entropy coding: The computer replaces frequently occurring patterns of bits with shorter representations, remembering the replacements in a table.

lossess

Categorize each operation as either "lossless" or "lossy": Invert: Inverts all the pixel colors and brightness values (i.e. black pixels become white pixels).

lossless

Categorize each process as either lossless or lossy: inter-frame coding: Instead of storing every pixel for every frame, the computer stores the differences between the pixels.

lossless

In ______ data compression, the data can be retrieved without any loss of information

lossless

Categorize each operation as either "lossless" or "lossy": Crop: Trims the sides of the image.

lossy

Categorize each operation as either "lossless" or "lossy": Grayscale: Converts the photo to black & white (256 shades of grey).

lossy

Categorize each process as either lossless or lossy: subjective field of interest: The computer detects when a person is the focus of the video frame, and stores less information about the background.

lossy

In the Micro:bit command, display.show(Image.HAPPY), display is referred to as an _______.

object

If in Snap, you if the "on green flag click" block to an exciting group, these blocks will _____.

only run when the green flag is clicked

To tell a sprite what to do, snap together graphic blocks into groups known as _____.

scripts

T or F: You can change how a sprite looks by giving it a different costume.

true

A memory location in the computer named by the programmer and used to store a specific piece of data is called a ______.

variable

Which types of files do computers represent with bits? Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

video recordings, pictures, text, and sound recording