AP Enviro 2nd test

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests? A Recreation and scenic areas for tourism B Timber and landscape materials C Mushroom and plant harvests D Soil stabilization and air purification

A, Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following? A The first law of thermodynamics B The second law of thermodynamics C The law of conservation of matter D The process of ecological succession E Limiting factors in the ecosystem

B, The second law of thermodynamics

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? A Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B. B Forest A has more biodiversity than forest B. C Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. D Forest A producers have more biomass than forest B producers.

C, Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem? A Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time. B Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time. C Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem. D Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers added to the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

C, Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

How can ecologists determine when an ecosystem is approaching a climax community? Determine if the keystone species in the ecosystem is present two years after the volcanic eruption B Measure the biomass of the pioneer species present before and after the volcanic eruption C Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption D Calculate the net primary productivity of a specific indicator species every year after the eruption

C, Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture A oxygen B carbon dioxide C glucose D proteins E water

C, glucose

Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is A high and thus can support a high proportion of producers B high as a result of the high concentration of nutrients in the open oceans C low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton D low, but the individual producers found there are huge in size E low, but still higher than that of other ecosystems of the world

C, low, but the large expanse of oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests? A They rarely receive more than 100 centimeters of rain per year. B Their soils typically have a high pH. C Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients. D They do not exhibit a great deal of species diversity. E They generally occur in the rain shadows of mountain ranges.

C, their soils are relatively poor in nutrients.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem? A Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers plus the energy used by consumers over time. B Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire over time. C Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy lost as heat during energy transfer between trophic levels. D Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

D, Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

what is the country with the largest area of boreal forests? A Australia B Brazil C Chile D Russia E United States of America

D, Russia

Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year? A Taiga (boreal forest) B Open ocean C Temperature grassland D Estuary E Agricultural land

D, estuary

What is the approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis? 100% B 95% C 30% D 15% E 1%

E, 1%

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest? A Canada and the United States B Eastern and Western Europe C Russia and China D Australia and New Zealand E Brazil and Indonesia

E, Brazil and Indonesia

What is the country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest? A Australia B Brazil C Chile D Russia E United States of America

E, United States of America

primary succession

succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present