Ap Environmental Science- Chapter 1

DDT is _____-soluble so it accumulates in _____.

fat ... milk

For what sizes of fish is there the least amount of overlap in the diets of these two tern species?

greater than 6 cm

If a scientist makes an observation and eventually carries out an experiment to explain that observation, he or she is conducting ___________.

hypothesis-driven science

Which of the following is NOT part of a sustainable future for humans?

reducing laws and regulations to free up industries to produce more jobs

Between 1966 and 1995, what has been the approximate decrease in stream flow rates in Monteverde?

0.8 m3/sec

As stem density increases from about 35,000 stems to about 55,000 stems per hectare, what is the increase in snowshoe hare density?

1 hare per hectare

According to the graph with the logarithmic scale, after 200 generations the population had

1000 individuals.

According to the graph with the linear scale, the population reached 8 billion individuals after approximately _____ generations.

900

Dependent Variable

A scientist measures the DEPENDENT VARIABLE in an experiment.

Independent Variable

A scientist measures the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE in an experiment

Control

A(n) CONTROL is an unmanipulated point of comparison for treatments in an experiment

Hypothesis

A(n) HYPOTHESIS is a testable statement that attempts to answer a scientific question.

Comparing the graphs with the linear and logarithmic scales at 400 generations shows that:

Although you cannot read the exact value from the linear-scale graph, the population size is the same, just shown with different scales.

Which statement describes or follows from the concept of sustainability?

An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources.

Areas with more than 100,000 stems per hectare should have hare densities approaching 4 hares per hectare.

Cannot tell from graph

Greater abundance of tree and bush stems results in higher birth rates for snowshoe hares.

Cannot tell from graph

Stream flow rates have apparently been decreasing worldwide since 1966.

Cannot tell from graph

The sooty tern consumes more fish than the blue-grey noddy tern.

Cannot tell from graph

It would have been reasonable to place stream flow on the X-axis instead of year

False

Data

DATA is info obtained from scientific studies.

You are a scientist working for the federal agency responsible for deciding whether new pesticides should be allowed for commercial use. Whom do you work for?

Environmental Protection Agency

_____ is a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from the undesirable changes brought about by human actions.

Environmentalism

Currently, who appears to be taking the biggest step in controlling neonicotinoids?

Europe

For the sooty tern, there is a steady decrease in the percent of diet as fish length decreases from 6 cm to 0 cm.

False

For the stream flow graph in Step 8, since the points don't form a straight line, it would have been better to draw it as a scatter plot.

False

Which one of the following statements is true?

Many African governments concluded that the potential long-term health effects of DDT were not as serious as the immediate problem of insect control.

For the graph in Step 7 showing fish body lengths and the percentage of tern diets that they comprise, which statement best summarizes the trend shown in the graph?

The blue-grey noddy's diet is composed primarily of smaller fish and the sooty tern's diet is composed mostly of moderate sized fish.

For the graph of data on stem density and snowshoe hare density in Step 6, which statement best summarizes the trend shown in the graph?

The density of hares increases as the density of stems increases.

Suppose that the initial population was 10, but the growth rate was 5% (instead of 2.3%). How would the linear-scale graph differ?

The linear graph would show rapid population growth beginning at an earlier generation.

Which statement is true about the pros and cons of representing data on the two graph scales?

The linear-scale graph clarifies the timing of rapid population growth while the logarithmic-scale graph simplifies identifying actual population sizes as a population goes from quite small to quite large.

Suppose that the initial population was 10, but the growth rate was 5% (instead of 2.3%). How would the logarithmic-scale graph differ?

The logarithmic graph line would have a greater slope than the graph shown.

How did the agricultural revolution lead to an increase in human population numbers?

The shift from a nomadic lifestyle to settling down on farms with domesticated animals allowed for nutritional needs to be met more easily.

How do neonicotinoids differ from other pesticides?

They are incorporated into the plants themselves.

Even though they live in the same location, these two species probably experience minimal competition for food.

True

Increasing density of tree and bush stems has a positive effect on snowshoe hare abundance.

True

Variable

a condition in an experiment that can change is called a(n) VARIABLE

You are a beekeeper. Prior to colony collapse disorder, what amount of bee loss could you expect annually?

about 5-10%

Which of the following best describes the industrial revolution?

an urban society with increased access to goods and fossil fuel use

The price of which of the following crops will likely increase due to colony collapse disorder?

apples

In animal populations, DDT causes _____.

birth defects

If a scientist travels to the rain forest to observe and catalog new species, he or she would be conducting ___________.

descriptive science

Essential services, such as water purification, nutrient cycling, and plant pollination are all examples of Earth's __________.

ecosystem services

Which of the following is the study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment?

environmental science

How long has colony collapse disorder been a problem?

since 2005

Experiment

tests the validity of a hypothesis

In a controlled experiment, if a researcher wants to examine the effect of feeding a high-calorie diet on an animal's weight, which one would be the independent variable?

the high-calorie diet

If an experiment fails to disprove a hypothesis, then ___________.

this lends support to the hypothesis but does not prove it is correct

Which renewable resource, listed below, can be depleted if it is overused?

water