The Urinary System

Which of the following would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria? a. hemorrhagic renal cyst b. milk of calcium cyst c. simple renal cyst d. angiomyolipoma

a

You are performing a follow up study on a patient with a renal transplant. which of the following changes normally occurs in renal transplants compared to the immediate postoperative study? a. hypertrophy b. increased echogenicity c. hydronephrosis d. shrinkage e. calcified pyramids

a

A sudden decrease in renal function

acute renal failure

Autosomal dominant affects ______ whereas autosomal recessive affects _______.

adults; infants/children

a common benign tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

angiomyolipoma

The renal artery is compared to what artery for a renal artery stenosis ratio?

aorta

type of infection that begins in the bladder and refluxes up through the ureters and into the kidney

ascending

a common cause of renal artery stenosis is

atherosclerosis

An excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

azotemia

The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is: a. horseshoe kidney b. duplicated collecting system c. renal agenesis d. renal hypoplasia

b

Which of the following Is NOT considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. ureterocele b. urethritis c. urolithiasis d. ureteropelvic junction obstruction

b

Which of the following is usually diagnosed in early childhood or in utero? a. adpkd b. mcdk c. acquired cystic kidney disease d. parapelvic cysts e. a and b

b

Which of the following tumors is more common? a. tcc b. rcc c. oncocytoma d. primary renal lymphoma e. angiomyolipoma

b

presence of bacteria in the urine

bacteruria

Sonographically, patients with autosomal recessive PCKD will have ________________ _____________ & ________________ kidneys.

bilateral enlarged; echogenic

Outpouching of the urinary bladder wall

bladder diverticulum

the renal cortex contains _________ & __________.

bowmans capsule; convoluted tubules

labs associated with renal function

bun and creatinine

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. von hippel Lindau syndrome d. mcdk

c

The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as: a. glisson capsule b. perirenal capsule c. renal capsule d. renal cortex

c

You are scanning a patient with suspected lymphoma of the kidney. Which ultrasound appearance is associated with lymphoma? a. small, echogenic kidneys with hyper dense pyramids b. cystic masses of varying sizes throughout both kidneys c. multiple, bilateral, hypo echoic masses in enlarged kidneys d. single, large, hyper echoic mass e. unilateral wedge shaped hypoecohic mass

c

most common cause of fungal UTI is

candida albicans

a chronic inflammation of the kidney(s)

chronic pyelonephritis

Gradual decrease in renal function over time

chronic renal failure

enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney that occurs with unilateral agenesis or compromised renal function

compensatory hypertrophy

inflammation of the urinary bladder

cystitis

A patient has been referred for Doppler interrogation of the kidney. Which view provides the best color Doppler evaluation of the infrarenal vasculature? a. patient supine, anterior view through the liver b. supine, coronal view through the liver c. prone, oblique view through the liver d. posterior oblique, coronal view through posterior axillary line e. upright, anterior view through the liver

d

All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure except: a. hematuria b. hypertension c. oliguria d. decreased BUN and creatinine

d

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: a. proteinuria b. throat infection c. azotemia d. hypercalcemia

d

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: a. uti's b. urinary calculus c. hyperparathyroidism d. weight loss

d

You detect irregular thickening of the bladder wall in a 53 year old male with hydronephrosis and a dilated ureter. Which of the following would you expect? a. rcc b. ureterocele c. bladder outlet obstruction d. tcc e. endometriosis

d

clinical symptoms associated with inflammatory renal masses include all of the following except: a. fever b. chills c. flank pain d. hypoglycemia

d

muscle that controls emptying of the urinary bladder

detrusor muscle

the most common cause of chronic renal failure is

diabetes

bulge on the lateral border of the kidney

dromedary hump

Painful/difficulty urinating

dysuria

rare, life threatening complication of pyelonephritis

emphysematous pyelonephritis

Something that is growing outward is termed

exophytic

What artery in a renal transplant is the renal artery normally anastomosed to?

external iliac artery

If bilateral, MCDK is __________

fatal

fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds kidneys and adrenal glands

gerota fascia

+_______________ can be caused by a distant infection such as a throat infection or auto immune reaction

glomerulonephritis

acquired renal cystic disease is typically the result of chronic __________________.

hemodialysis

the kidneys are organs vital for maintaining

homeostasis

general term defined as the dilation of renal collecting system secondary to obstruction of normal flow

hydronephrosis

dissension of the ureter with fluid due to obstruction

hydroureter

renal cell carcinoma is aka

hypernephroma

decreased blood volume is termed

hypovolemia

dromedary hump more commonly affects which kidney?

left

The left renal artery is normally located immediately posterior to

left renal vein

benign fatty tumor

lipoma

The left renal vein is (longer/shorter) than the right renal vein.

longer

When a horseshoe kidney is present, at which poles are the two kidneys fused most commonly?

lower

collection of lymphatic fluid

lymphocele

accumulation of calcium within the medulla of the renal parenchyma

medullary nephrocalcinosis

Urinary jets should occur at least once every ___________

minute

most common solid malignant abdominal mass in pediatrics

nephroblastoma

term meaning kidney stones

nephrolithiasis

functional unit of the kidney

nephron

bladder that is functioning poorly secondary to a neurological disorder is termed

neurogenic

In a kidney with MCDK, there is typically ___________ functioning renal tissue

no

frequent urination at night

nocturia

MCDK is thought to be caused by an early 1st TM _____________ of the ureter.

obstruction

Renal mass which may demostrate a central scar

oncocytoma

benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60's

oncocytoma

the most common location for an ectopic kidney

pelvis

lymphocele can be seen________

post transplant

The right renal artery travels __________ to the IVC.

posterior

Protein within the urine

proteinuria

Dilation of the urinary tract will occur ____________ to the level of obstruction

proximal

pus within the urine

pyuria

narrowing of the renal artery

renal artery stenosis

benign renal mass. (solid)

renal cell adenoma

carcinoma of the kidney

renal cell carcinoma

an angiolipoma may also be referred to as a

renal hamartoma

TCC in the kidney is often found in the area of the

renal pelvis

The medulla contains

renal pyramids

the kidneys are _________ peritoneal in location

retro

Which vessel is the most helpful as a landmark for the location of the renal arteries?

sma

The LRV courses between the ___________ & _________.

sma; aorta

large urinary stone that completely fills and takes shape of the renal pelvis

staghorn calculi

the urinary bladder is located __________- to the prostate

superior

the most common malignant tumor of the bladder is

tcc

tcc stands for

transitional cell carcinoma

The most common cause of acute renal failure is

tuberous sclerosis

symptoms of this condition includes epilepsy and skin lesions of the face

tuberous sclerosis

systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors in various organs

tuberous sclerosis

abnormality in which the distal ureter projects into the urinary bladder

ureterocele

The most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis in infants and children is:

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

the most common location for. stone to become obstructed in the urinary system is

ureterovesical junction

localized collection of urine

urinoma

_______________ is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter

vesicoureteral reflux

nephroblastoma is aka

wilms tumor

pediatric patients with beckwith-wiedemann syndrome have a tendency of developing

wilms tumors

The renal cortex should measure more than ____cm in thickness.

1

renal artery stenosis is present when the renal/aorta ratio is greater than ________.

3.5

There are ____ layers present covering the kidney

4

the bladder wall consists of ______ layers

4

when a bladder wall is thickened, its diameter will exceed _____mmin a distended state

4

About ____% of people over age 50 will have renal cysts.

50