AP Euro Ch 8
World Trade Organization
An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes when they arise. based in Geneva
Che Guevara
Argentian follwer of Marxism. traveled up latin America and stopped in Cuba to help inspire a revolution along with Castro
Organization of American States
Treaty including many western hemisphere nations (USA, Latin America, etc.) to encourage democracy and trade. countries promised not to interfere with each other
Central Treaty Organization
Treaty to improve relations in middle east and also to stop spread of communism
Truman Doctrine
Truman's plan for willingly spending money in the pursuit of stoping communist spread.
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR agreed to ship missiles to Cuba. US set up sea blockade to prevent missiles from arriving. the agreed to remove missiles if America would remove troops. closest to combat US and USSR ever get
German Democratic Republic
USSR ruled East Germany. Not Democratic.Part of Warsaw Pact, COMECON and USSR Sphere of influence
Prague Spring
Writers' uprising in Czechoslovakia when leadr Alexander Dubcek begin reforms for civil liberties. soon put down by USSR
Welfare State
a system of government agencies and programs that provides benefits to the population
World Bank
agency of UN that administers loans to nations. helped in reconstruction of Europe.
Spheres of influence
areas of influence by one country over others. US and USSR expanded theirs by promoting Democracy and communism
Cuban Revolution
battle against cuba's corrupt government to establish communism. led by Castro and Guevara
domino theory
belief that if one country fell vto communism, others would follow. resond why America spent so much in Greek Civil War and Cuban Revolution
Geneva Conventions
conferences to discuss internation policies of war regarding treatment of soldiers and civilians
South East Asia Treaty Organizatioin
defense organization of European and Asian countries. only lasted from 1955 to 1977
Mutually Assured Destruction Theory (Mad)
fear that if US and USSR ever met in direct battle, the world would ever due to mass number of nuclear missiles
Cominform
ideology of spreading communism and rejecting from the American "Imperialist Pigs"
European union
international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members
Fidel Castro
leader of Cuba after revolution. sought help from America, but turned to USSR when US denied
Leonid Brezhnev
leader of USSR after Kruschev. ordered troops into Czech and Afganistan
perestroika
policy of rebuilding the government and economy of Soviet Union under Gorbachev. moved towards market based economy
détente
relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
Greek Civil War
Battles in Greece fought by communist against anti communists. America assists anti comms, and they succeed, keeping Greece from becoming Communist
Ronald Reagan
Began Strategic Defense Initiative to combat MAD theory. negotiated Peace with USSR
de-stalinization
Kruschev's policies and reforms removing Stalin's harsher policies. included loosening censorship of writings and press
Bay of Pigs
Landing area on Cuba's south coast where an American-organized invasion by Cuban exiles was defeated by Fidel Castro's government forces April 17-20, 1961
International Monetary Fund
Organization of 183 countries joined together to encourage trade to keep capital in the international market
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Organization of Western Countries sworn to protect and aid each other in time of need. still exists today
glasnost
Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union. also began a period of negotiations with America
European Economic Community
Promoted free trade by lowering tariffs amongst Western European countries
Nicolae Ceausescu
Romanian Communist leader who was arrested and exiled
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Russian writer who wrote The Gulag Archipelago, a book depicting the lives of those in the gulags. only published after de-stalinization
KGB
Soviet Secret Police and intelligence force.
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need.
Nikita Kruschev
Soviet leader after the death of Stalin. started new reforms and cut back on Stalin's harsh policies (destalinization)
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet leader who instituted perestroika and glasnost as well as ended Cold War through negotiations and arms reduction with America.
Iron Curtain
Speech given by Winston Churchill afer WWII. He claimed the communist East Europe was separated from the rest of the world behind an iron curtain. nothing cold get in or out.
Berlin Wall
Split Berlin into East and West to prevent East Berliners from escaping into west Berlin
arms race
Struggle between America and USSR to get more and better nuclear weapons to be the superior country
Marshall Plan
American plan to lend money to help rebuild after the war. USSR and Satellite states were offered money, but they did not accept
Containment Policy
American policy of keeping communism in the current areas and not allowing it to spread.
COMECON
(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) an organization for economic cooperation in European Communist states. Started by USSR to keep communist states from taking American money
Berlin Airlift
American campaign to drop supplies into East Berlin after the construction of the Berlin Wall
Federal Republic of Germany
American occupied West Germany. remained Democratic. Part of NATO, Marshall Plan, and American Sphere of Influence
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. Its primary function is obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers
Albania and Yugoslavia
Communist countries that never fell behind the "Iron Curtain" and stayed independent fro USSR
Satellite States
Countries in the USSR Spere of Influence. acted as a buffer zone from non communist nations
Warsaw Pact
Created in response to NATO, organization of communist Eastern European contries behind the iron curtain, lead by USSR and Stalin
La Brigada
Cuban exiles after Castro's take over, lead by America to attack the Bay of Pigs. it failed
Fulgencio Batista
Cuban revolutionary who overthrew American control in cuba, but set up his own dictatorship in its place.
Alexander Dubcek
Czech leader who tried giving his people freedom from soviets. it failed
Vaclav Havel
Czech playwright who wanted Czech independence. became 1st president of Czech and Czech republic
Josef Tito
Dictator of Yugoslavia who ran a communist government, but was never allowed it to become part of USSR
German Reunification
East and West Germany coming together to form one united nation. Joined NATO
Imre Nagy
Hungarian leader who tried separating Hungary from USSR which leader to a revolt against Soviet union
Hungarian uprising
Hungarians claimed they were a free nation and attempted to separate from warsaw pact. Invaded by USSR
Proxy Wars
strategy of using a 3rd party to fight so the 2 superpowers never meet in a "hot war." (i.e. La Brigada vs. Fidel Castro)
deterrence
the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety
Lech Walesa
the leader of Poland who organized Solidarity. He was arrested though, but in the 1980s it became legallized and was elected president of Poland in the first free election in 50 years.