AP Euro Ch 8

World Trade Organization

An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes when they arise. based in Geneva

Che Guevara

Argentian follwer of Marxism. traveled up latin America and stopped in Cuba to help inspire a revolution along with Castro

Organization of American States

Treaty including many western hemisphere nations (USA, Latin America, etc.) to encourage democracy and trade. countries promised not to interfere with each other

Central Treaty Organization

Treaty to improve relations in middle east and also to stop spread of communism

Truman Doctrine

Truman's plan for willingly spending money in the pursuit of stoping communist spread.

Cuban Missile Crisis

USSR agreed to ship missiles to Cuba. US set up sea blockade to prevent missiles from arriving. the agreed to remove missiles if America would remove troops. closest to combat US and USSR ever get

German Democratic Republic

USSR ruled East Germany. Not Democratic.Part of Warsaw Pact, COMECON and USSR Sphere of influence

Prague Spring

Writers' uprising in Czechoslovakia when leadr Alexander Dubcek begin reforms for civil liberties. soon put down by USSR

Welfare State

a system of government agencies and programs that provides benefits to the population

World Bank

agency of UN that administers loans to nations. helped in reconstruction of Europe.

Spheres of influence

areas of influence by one country over others. US and USSR expanded theirs by promoting Democracy and communism

Cuban Revolution

battle against cuba's corrupt government to establish communism. led by Castro and Guevara

domino theory

belief that if one country fell vto communism, others would follow. resond why America spent so much in Greek Civil War and Cuban Revolution

Geneva Conventions

conferences to discuss internation policies of war regarding treatment of soldiers and civilians

South East Asia Treaty Organizatioin

defense organization of European and Asian countries. only lasted from 1955 to 1977

Mutually Assured Destruction Theory (Mad)

fear that if US and USSR ever met in direct battle, the world would ever due to mass number of nuclear missiles

Cominform

ideology of spreading communism and rejecting from the American "Imperialist Pigs"

European union

international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members

Fidel Castro

leader of Cuba after revolution. sought help from America, but turned to USSR when US denied

Leonid Brezhnev

leader of USSR after Kruschev. ordered troops into Czech and Afganistan

perestroika

policy of rebuilding the government and economy of Soviet Union under Gorbachev. moved towards market based economy

détente

relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China

Greek Civil War

Battles in Greece fought by communist against anti communists. America assists anti comms, and they succeed, keeping Greece from becoming Communist

Ronald Reagan

Began Strategic Defense Initiative to combat MAD theory. negotiated Peace with USSR

de-stalinization

Kruschev's policies and reforms removing Stalin's harsher policies. included loosening censorship of writings and press

Bay of Pigs

Landing area on Cuba's south coast where an American-organized invasion by Cuban exiles was defeated by Fidel Castro's government forces April 17-20, 1961

International Monetary Fund

Organization of 183 countries joined together to encourage trade to keep capital in the international market

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Organization of Western Countries sworn to protect and aid each other in time of need. still exists today

glasnost

Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union. also began a period of negotiations with America

European Economic Community

Promoted free trade by lowering tariffs amongst Western European countries

Nicolae Ceausescu

Romanian Communist leader who was arrested and exiled

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Russian writer who wrote The Gulag Archipelago, a book depicting the lives of those in the gulags. only published after de-stalinization

KGB

Soviet Secret Police and intelligence force.

Brezhnev Doctrine

Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need.

Nikita Kruschev

Soviet leader after the death of Stalin. started new reforms and cut back on Stalin's harsh policies (destalinization)

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet leader who instituted perestroika and glasnost as well as ended Cold War through negotiations and arms reduction with America.

Iron Curtain

Speech given by Winston Churchill afer WWII. He claimed the communist East Europe was separated from the rest of the world behind an iron curtain. nothing cold get in or out.

Berlin Wall

Split Berlin into East and West to prevent East Berliners from escaping into west Berlin

arms race

Struggle between America and USSR to get more and better nuclear weapons to be the superior country

Marshall Plan

American plan to lend money to help rebuild after the war. USSR and Satellite states were offered money, but they did not accept

Containment Policy

American policy of keeping communism in the current areas and not allowing it to spread.

COMECON

(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) an organization for economic cooperation in European Communist states. Started by USSR to keep communist states from taking American money

Berlin Airlift

American campaign to drop supplies into East Berlin after the construction of the Berlin Wall

Federal Republic of Germany

American occupied West Germany. remained Democratic. Part of NATO, Marshall Plan, and American Sphere of Influence

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. Its primary function is obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers

Albania and Yugoslavia

Communist countries that never fell behind the "Iron Curtain" and stayed independent fro USSR

Satellite States

Countries in the USSR Spere of Influence. acted as a buffer zone from non communist nations

Warsaw Pact

Created in response to NATO, organization of communist Eastern European contries behind the iron curtain, lead by USSR and Stalin

La Brigada

Cuban exiles after Castro's take over, lead by America to attack the Bay of Pigs. it failed

Fulgencio Batista

Cuban revolutionary who overthrew American control in cuba, but set up his own dictatorship in its place.

Alexander Dubcek

Czech leader who tried giving his people freedom from soviets. it failed

Vaclav Havel

Czech playwright who wanted Czech independence. became 1st president of Czech and Czech republic

Josef Tito

Dictator of Yugoslavia who ran a communist government, but was never allowed it to become part of USSR

German Reunification

East and West Germany coming together to form one united nation. Joined NATO

Imre Nagy

Hungarian leader who tried separating Hungary from USSR which leader to a revolt against Soviet union

Hungarian uprising

Hungarians claimed they were a free nation and attempted to separate from warsaw pact. Invaded by USSR

Proxy Wars

strategy of using a 3rd party to fight so the 2 superpowers never meet in a "hot war." (i.e. La Brigada vs. Fidel Castro)

deterrence

the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety

Lech Walesa

the leader of Poland who organized Solidarity. He was arrested though, but in the 1980s it became legallized and was elected president of Poland in the first free election in 50 years.