ap euro chapter 14

Samuel de Champlain

"Father of New France" Established trading ports = most French Canadians were hunters, trappers, missionaries, or explorers while British settled colonies

Creoles

American-born Spaniards

privateers

Elizabeth I granted legalized pirates (mostly vs. Spain) Led to conflict/war between the states = WOR

mercantilism was new economy that replaced __________

feudalism

Mercantilism

sought colonies to extend empire & gain more resources

Christopher Columbus

"discovered" America, or did he?

Portegese

1st in slave trade, by 18th century dominated by British

How did the arrival of the Dutch, British, and French on the world scene in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries affect Africa, Southeast Asia, India, China, and Japan? What were the main features of the African slave trade, and what effects did it have on Africa?

African people were affected because they were split up through countries to be used as slaves, and their country was being used as stops along many trade routes.

dynasties

Arrival of Europeans coincided with decline of _____ of China Both China & Japan wanted to trade but

________presence in India steadily increased 17th century - established trading ports

British

___________ under Louis XIV Favorable balance of trade ______ more than ________ More _______ & other precious metals Impact = reasoning behind colonial development, expansion of trade networks, & increase of production

Coldert, Export, import, gold

British East India Company Dutch East India Company

Crucial for commercial expansion/exploration Funded explorers & settlement of colonies Investors supplied the capital/money

What economic, social, and political crises did Europe experience in the first half of the seventeenth century?

Europe got into the 30 year war which happened primarily because of the expansion happening during that time.

Why did Europeans begin to embark on voyages of discovery and expansion at the end of the fifteenth century?

Europeans began to embark on voyages to centralize monarchies, grow their knowledge and interest for the sea and ships, access spices and goods in the east, expand their country, spread their religion, and had the desire for glory.

End to wars of religion Beginning of rise of ______ as dominant European power; also Britain & Netherlands Religion no longer issue of conflict, Europe now focused on ____ __ _____

France, Balance of power

agents of domination

Guns and Gunpowder Horses Disease- smallpox Native Allies

Consider: The evidence Friedrich uses to support his argument; why, according to Friedrich, many historians have rejected the religious interpretation of the war; how Holborn might criticize this argument.

Historians may have criticized this idea because they soonly made trading routes with the new things made by the new land discovered.

What was mercantilism, and what was its relationship to colonial empires?

Mercantilism was increased during the time of expansion and it was used to trade goods throughout the new expanding territories.

Middle Passage

Middle leg of the triangular trade that took slaves from Africa to Americas Slaves packed in cargo ships - most died en route Those that survived journey exposed to diseases they had no immunity (like native Americans) Result: slave owners encouraged slaves to have children

Treaty of Tordesillas

New World divided by Spain and Portugal

Europe → America

Olives, Coffee Bean, Onions, Citrus Fruits, Bananas, Grapes, Grains, Livestock

Took the lead in exploration Established commercial network along African coast, South & East Asia, & South America

Portugal

financed exploration Christian alliances, spread Christianity, & more trade Founded school for navigators

Prince Henry the Navigator

Sir Walter Raleigh

Roanoke Settlement

French & Dutch rivaled British but military leader _________ ___________ _______ consolidated control & BEIC kept them out Result: significant increase in Britain's power = shift

Sir Robert Clive

Consider: The role religion played in the conflict even though it may not have been primary in causing the war; other factors that might have caused the war.

The cause of expansion could be a factor because they wanted to have all the land to get all the materialistic things within them.

How did European expansion affect both the conquered and the conquerors?

The conquerors now had invaded land they conquered and used it for money and spiritual gains also was introduced to new animals and diseases, while the conquered had to deal with the introduction of new diseases but had the introduction of new animals and their land being taken over.

Which were the main focus of Spain's voyages?

The main focus was the desire for wealth although spreading Christianity was also an important factor.

Which regions of the globe were primarily explored by Portugal?

The main places that the Portuguese explored and traveled were the coasts along Africa and the southwestern coast of India.

How did Portugal and Spain acquire their overseas empires, and how did their empires differ?

Their empires are different because they traveled for different reasons.

America → Europe

Tomatoes, Pumpkins, Tobacco, Corn, Vanilla, Peanuts, Turkey, Pineapple ,Cacao Bean

Portuguese

also 1st to Japan but soon replaced by Dutch

Conquistadores

began creating empires by conquering Indians

Portolani

charts used for navigation Underestimated size of globe/oceans & didn't take into account the curvature of the earth

Ferdinand Magellan

circumnavigation of the globe - killed by natives in Philippines

Dutch East India Company

dominated spice trade Spanish in Philippines - major base for trade after Magellan

motives for expansion and voyages

god, glory, gold!

Rise in prices due to ________ had huge impact on price of foodstuffs

inflation

Portugese

initially dominated region but soon pushed out Expelled by Dutch & Spanish while British & French initially pushed out (later in 19th century will be dominating forces)

sought to take _____ and ______not to trade sought to ______ Pagan peoples

land and resources Christianize

Sir Francis Drake

led English "sea dogs" against Spanish shipping

Mestizos

mixed white and Indian descent

Commercial revolution

resulted in capitalist investments in overseas exploration

Vasco de Gama

route to India, traded with Muslims & announced he was in search of "Christians and spices"

Jacques

search for Northwest Passage (explored Canada)

Quadrant

the earliest device used to find latitude was a quarter-circle of wood marked in degrees, with a plumb line and a sight along one edge first taken to sea around 1460

British

transported ½ of all slaves