Unit 1 Chapter 1 Western Civilization

The key change that allowed for the development of larger settlements and cities was:

A shift from food gathering to food production.

Early settled communities like Çatalhöyük produced food by:

Agricultural production, herding, hunting, and gathering wild foods.

Some scholars suggest that a new planetary epoch has begun, as human environmental alterations have begun to replace preexisting geological and natural climatological fluctuations. The new epoch is known as the:

Anthropocene Epoch.

The civilization that emerged in ancient Egypt arose:

At about the same time as that of ancient Sumer.

Under Sargon and Naram-Sin, civilization in Mesopotamia:

Became an almost indistinguishable blend of Sumerian and Akkadian elements.

Between 40,000 and 11,000 B.C.E., _______________ was one of the earliest developments that led to managed food production:

Climate Change.

The Egyptian system of hieroglyphics was:

Deciphered by Champollion using the Rosetta Stone.

Compared to women in Mesopotamia, women in ancient Egypt:

Enjoyed unusual freedoms by the standards of the ancient world.

The code of Hammurabi:

Focused most of its laws on free commoners.

The first Egyptian cities developed:

In Upper Egypt.

Historians typically divide ancient Egyptian history into _________ to facilitate the discussion of Egyptian politics and culture:

Kingdoms and Periods.

Cave paintings, such as those found in Lascaux, France, are evidence of the development of:

Language and other sophisticated modes of communication.

In early dynastic Sumer, each city was ruled by successful war leaders, a "big man" called a/n _________:

Lugal.

The large necropolis ("city of the dead") discovered along the Nile (in present-day Sudan) in 2017-2018 was built by the _________:

Meroe

What BEST describes the character of Egyptian civilization:

No world civilization was governed as long and as steadily as ancient Egypt.

One of the notable characteristics of civilization was the development of:

Occupational specialization.

____________ was the Egyptian god of the underworld, through whom men could enjoy immortally in the afterlife.

Osiris.

One of the lasting influences of Sumerian science and technology in modern times is:

Our division of time into hours, minutes, and seconds.

Although early writing was produced using pointed sticks, around 3100 B.C.E. Sumerian scribes advanced writing with durable reeds that:

Produced wedge-like script called cuneiform.

By becoming a "lawgiver," Hammurabi:

Set a new standard of kingship.

Sargon of Akkad (c. 2350 B.C.E.) is significant because he:

Subdued a number of Sumerian cities, knitting together perhaps the first "empire".

A differentiating characteristic between Egyptian civilization and Sumerian civilization was that:

The Egyptians did not have to contend with a hostile and unpredictable environment.

The Epic of Gilgamesh, which describes the dramatic confrontation between Gilgamesh and Enkidu and its aftermath, illustrates that:

The forces of nature cannot be overcome by civilization, and death is inevitable.

The Egyptian Middle Kingdom differed from the Old Kingdom in that, during the Middle Kingdom:

The government was based in Thebes rather than Memphis.

One of the fundamental technological achievements of the Sumerians was:

The invention of the wheel.

The Narmer Palette is probably a visual record of what event:

The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

As the cities in Mesopotamia became more complex, ____________ developed, which bound them closer to each other and to other settlements in the Mediterranean:

Trade.

The earliest of cities in Mesopotamia were founded by the:

Ubaid peoples.

Ur-Nammu built the great ziggurat at _________:

Ur.

Recently discovered funerary texts found in what is now Somalia indicate that Nubia:

Was a matrilineal society.

The physical labor that built the Egyptian pyramids was MOSTLY provided by:

Willing peasant farmers.