AP EURO Chapter 16 Part 2 Quiz Answers

Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea for the reform of the penal system?

Cesare Beccaria

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

European superiority was increasingly defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior

Which book by the baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment?

The Persian Letter

What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

The emergence of scientific racism

Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a

clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to intervene in human affairs.

A striking feature of the salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

rococo

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

shift from reading religious texts aloud as a family to reading diverse texts individually.

Although perhaps best known as the longtime companion of Voltaire, Gabriel-Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet, published

the first translation of Newton's Principia into French.

"Weep, wretched natives of Tahiti, weep. But let it be for the coming and not the leaving of these ambitious, wicked men. One day you will know them better. One day they will come back, bearing in one hand the piece of wood you see in that man's belt, and, in the other, the sword hanging by the side of that one, to enslave you, slaughter you, or make you captive to their follies and vices. One day you will be subject to them, as corrupt, vile and miserable as they are." This selection from Denis Diderot's "Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage" (Primary Source 16.5) reflects his concern that

the people encountered by European explorers should recognize that Europeans had nothing to offer them.