AP Euro Chapter 17
What factors helped the Great Elector pay for the army?
War was a decisive factor, and the nobility proved willing to accept Frederick's new claims in exchange for reconfirmation of their own privileges.
How did Ivan III consolidate his power?
NEEDS EDIT: He consolidated power around Moscow and won Novgorod, almost reaching the Baltic Sea.
What reforms did Peter implement?
Peter implemented western ideas and new military tactics to strengthen his forces.
What were the major achievements of Peter the Great?
Peter is known for revolutionizing Russia's military, introducing western ideals and culture to his people, and for the great Russian city of St. Petersburg.
Create a CHART that briefly identifies each stage of the Thirty Year's War explaining the events and results.
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What form of Christianity existed in Russia?
Eastern Orthodox Catholicism.
What were the achievements of Frederick William I (the Soldier King)?
He completed his grandfather's work, built the best army in Europe for Prussia's size, and transformed the country into a model military state.
How did Frederick William the Great Elector pay for the army?
He forced the estates to accept the introduction of permanent taxation without consent.
Where did Peter the Great push to expand Russian territories?
He pushed for Estonia and Latvia and eventually realized these goals.
Why did he Hungarian nobility need the Habsburgs?
Hungary had greatly reduced strength and relied on the Habsburgs, though they kept a sense of independence and local control.
Who was the first tsar of Russia?
Ivan IV
Why did he receive the nickname "The Terrible"?
Ivan was a tyrant and destroyed many people.
Who were the junkers?
The "junkers" were the nobility and landowning classes in Brandenburg and Prussia.
Why did the Habsburgs reorganize Bohemia?
The Habsburgs believed that religious diversity weakened royal power. They decided that they needed to impose Catholicism on he largely-Protestant Bohemia.
What territories did the Habsburgs rule in 1618?
The Habsburgs controlled a scattered group of territories in central and eastern Europe.
What is significant about the year 1453?
The Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453.
What was the Pragmatic Sanction?
The Pragmatic Sanction stated that Habsburg possessions were never to be divided, even if it meant allowing a woman to take the throne.
Define boyars.
The highest-ranking nobles.
What were the major provisions of the Peace of Westphalia?
The treaties recognized the sovereign, independent authority of more than three hundred German princes. It acknowledged the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands; France received the province of Alsace, Sweden a large cash indemnity and jurisdiction over German territories. The agreement also denied the papacy the right to participate in central European religious affairs.