Ap euro chapter 17

Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his

28-volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophes

The best statement of laissez-faire was made in 1776 by

Adam smith

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be

Dare to know!

In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in what two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers chose new religious movements?

England and Germany

The establishment of the modern fictional novel is generally attributed to the

English

John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by

Environment, not by innate ideas

The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was

Fontenelle

The eighteenth century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is

Handel's Messiah

Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?

Jj Rousseau

created his evangelical Methodist movement using revivalist techniques

John Wesley

Great Britain led the way in the eighteenth century in producing

Magazines, newspapers, coffee houses

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by

Mary Wollstonecraft

Which eighteenth-century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera, The Marriage of Figaro?

Mozart

Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers:

Novels

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was

Paris

For Rousseau, what was the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes?

Private property

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

Religious intolerance

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

The social sciences

The Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was

evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann

In Rousseau's The Social Contract, he expressed his belief that

freedom is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for all or the "general will."

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, most European states

had a hierarchy of courts to deal with civil and criminal cases

Above all, Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws was concerned with

maintaining balances among the various branches of government.

The works of Fontenelle announce the Enlightenment because they

popularize a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion.

Johann Sebastian Bach

produced religious music as a way to worship God.

Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

proper child rearing and human education

Of great importance to the Enlightenment were the salons, which

provided a forum for discussing the ideas of the philosophes.

Isaac Newton and John Locke

provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society.

The punishment of crime in the eighteenth century was often

public and very gruesome.

European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by the emergence of

secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life.

An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was

the Marquise du Chatelet.

Deism was based on

the Newtonian world-machine with God as its mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational laws.

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life.

The French philosophes

were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world by advancing reason and rationality.

The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe

were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities.