AP Euro Chapter 28

Why was West Germany allowed to build an army after 1955?

A German army would permit Germany to assist in the defense of Europe from attack by the Soviet Union

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments.

NATO

How did Big Science foster the Green Revolution?

Research into agriculture greatly increased the world food supply, using fewer workers and more productivity per acre

How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?

He provided guaranteed price supports for rice

Soviet-backed military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe.

Warsaw Pact

Christian Democrats in which country promoted a "social-market economy" based on a combination of free-market liberalism, some state intervention, and an extensive social benefits network?

West Germany

After the Second World War, the Soviet Union

reestablished a harsh dictatorship

Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War.

Christian Democrats

The rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States that divided much of Europe into a Soviet-aligned Communist bloc and a U.S.-aligned capitalist bloc between 1945 and 1989.

Cold War

The European Economic Community, created by six western and central European countries in the West Bloc in 1957 as part of a larger search for European unity.

Common Market

An economic organization of Communist states meant to help rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

How did the Soviet Union's treatment of Czechoslovakia in 1948 demonstrate its intention to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe?

Even though the Czech Communist Party had won significant electoral support, Stalin still orchestrated the overthrow of the government and establishment of a one-party Communist dictatorship

In 1954, Vietnam obtained independence from

France

Why did Charles de Gaulle withdraw France from NATO?

He viewed the United States as the main threat to French independence

How did the Soviet Union initially organize the Eastern European nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes?

It created coalition governments of leftist political parties but reserved key government posts for Moscow-trained Communists

How did the United States respond to the decolonization movement in the first years after the Second World War?

It encouraged European nations to let go of their former colonies

In Primary Source 28.5: Frantz Fanon on Violence, Decolonization, and Human Dignity, what is Fanon's opinion on violence?

It is a cleansing force; it makes the native fearless and restores his self-respect

Why did Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's 'One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich' create such a sensation when it was published in 1962?

It portrayed in grim detail life in a Stalinist concentration camp

What did the Marshall Plan accomplish?

It prevented economic collapse in Western Europe

American plan for providing economic aid to western Europe to help it rebuild.

Marshall Plan

At the time of the Yalta Conference in 1945, why was the position of the Soviet Union much stronger in negotiations with the United States and Great Britain?

The Soviet army already occupied much of Eastern Europe

America's policy geared to containing communism to those countries already under Soviet control.

Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan in 1947 was a response to

a Western Europe on the verge of economic collapse

As noted in Primary Source 28.4: The Hungarian Communist Party Calls for Reforms, the reformist Communist leaders in Hungary in October 1956 wanted

a relationship with the Soviet Union based on complete equality and non-interference in internal affairs

Khrushchev's "secret speech" at the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956 was

a surprising attack on Stalin and his crimes

The liberalization of the post-Stalin Soviet Union led by reformer Nikita Khrushchev.

de-Stalinization

The postwar reversal of Europe's overseas expansion caused by the rising demand of the colonized peoples themselves, the declining power of European nations, and the freedoms promised by U.S. and Soviet ideals.

decolonization

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children.

displaced persons

Term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth, often based on the consumer sector, in post- World War II western Europe.

economic miracle

Government-run programs in western Europe designed to recruit labor for the booming postwar economy.

guest worker programs

The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to

increased demand for technologists and managers

The Bretton Woods agreement of 1944

linked Western European currencies to the U.S. dollar

A postcolonial system that perpetuates Western economic exploitation in former colonial territories.

neocolonialism

Policy of postcolonial governments to remain neutral in the Cold War and play both the United States and the Soviet Union for what they could get.

nonalignment

The postwar movement of people from former colonies and the developing world into Europe.

postcolonial migration

Artistic movement that followed the dictates of Communist ideals, enforced by state control in the Soviet Union and East Bloc countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

socialist realism

After the war why did national governments quickly establish authority over questions of guilt and punishment for those who had collected with the Nazi regime?

unofficial groups were seizing and executing alleged collaborators on their own