AP Euro First Semester Final Review

Reasons for Exploration

-God -Gold -Glory

Most Famoust mannerist

El Greco

Birthplace of the Renaissance

Florence, Italy

Author of Principia

Newton

Settings of Salons

Paris, France during the Enlightenment

Main belief of Galileo

heliocentricity

Three Enlightened Monarchs

-Catherine the Great -Frederick the Great -Joseph ll

Ruler with most long-term success with territory

-Catherine the Great -Poland

Countries that received independent after the Treaty of Westphalia

-Dutch Netherlands -Switzerland

Main Points of Deism

-God is creator but not controller -more secular

Countries who never had absolute government

-Great Britain -Dutch republic

Immediate cause of the Thirty Years Was

-HRE threw people out windows in Prague

Examples of Politques

-Henry of Navarre -Queen Elizabeth

Country that led in New World exploration

-Portugal

Country to introduce African slavery to the New World

-Portugal

Event in Netherlands during Golden Age

-United Provinces weakened -States general weakened

Main characteristics of Renaissance art

-anatomically correct -glorified bodies -free standing sculptures

Adam Smith Beliefs

-capitalism -against mercantilism

Characteristics of trade and commerce

-colonies -bigger in Europe than New world -international

Two Sacraments Luther and Calvin both believed in

-communion -baptism

How the Latin Americans saw the explorers

-conquistadors are Gods

Purpose of Versaille

-control of novles

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution being glorious

-creation of constitutional monarchy -creation of Bill of Rights -first religious war without bloodshed

Beliefs of philosophes

-critical thinking and reasoning to solve problems -more secular

Characeristics of Baroque

-detailed and dramatic -challenged Protestant art

Mannerism Characteristics

-elongated -moody -rejection of Renaissance ideals

Two main beliefs of Bacon

-inductive reasoning -impericism in scientific revolution

3 Greatest fields of SR

-medicine -mechanics -astronomy

Main differences between middle ages and the renaissance

-more secular -high partonage -creation of printing press -vernacular

John Locke's beliefs

-natural rights -created a Social contract

Reasons for Latin American collapse

-new disease -massacre by explorers

Main differences in society between Northern and Italian Renaissance

-other northern countries ruled over Italian city states

Traits of Golden Age Art

-realism -everyday life

Characteristics of New Monarchs

-reduced power from nobles and clergy -centralized government

3 main ideals of the Jesuits

-reform through education -spread gospel to pagans -fight against Protestantism

Voltaire's three beliefs

-religious toleration -equality -naturally rights

Keys to Dutch Prosperity

-religious toleration -free market -big in trade -banking empire

Main technological innovations for travel

-rudder -lateen rigs -compas -atlas

Beliefs of Luther

-sale of indulgences is unjust

Main ideal of the Anglican Church

-salvation through good works

Why were the beards cut off

-to look more western -humiliation

Purpose of Council of Trent

-to reform and reaffirm Catholicism to bring people back to the Church

de Las Casas' main belief

-treatment of Latin America is cruel and inhumane

Main accomplishment due to Treaty of Westphaila

-weakened HRE by dividing it into 300 parts

Author of Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith

Immediate cause of the English Civil War

Arrest of Charles l

Most famoust Baroque artist

Bernini

Major religion in Enlightenment

Deism

Government Rousseau believed in

Democracy

Edict that replaced Edict of Nantes

Fontainebleau

Issue of Diplomacy 1689-1816

France was a strong power

Monarch who put Prussia on the map

Frederick William the Great Elector

Monarch who was friends with Voltaire

Frederick the Great

Country with most migration to new world

Great britain

Galileo's connection while in hiding

Kepler

Leader of the Jesuits

Loyola

Field of work Newton and Galileo did together

Mechanics

Group the Commercial Revolution influenced

Middle class

Treat to Austria

Ottoman Empire

Artist who painted curvy naked ladies as well as political figures

Peter Paul rubens

Who cut off the beards of old believers

Peter the Great

Countries invovled in Treaty of Tordesillas

Portugal and France

Reason Galileo was so controversial

Proved heliocentricity to be fact against the Church

Galileo's works in Germany proved what

Scientific revolution is spreading

First European to travel to India by sea

Vasco de Gama

Creator of new anatomy

Vesalius

Cause of Dutch Golden Age

banking

Mercantilism

building colonies with resources to make motherland rich

Peter the Great's major accomplishment

building of navy to protect Balitc Sea to control trade

difference between east and west

east still had serfdom

Beccaria's beliefs

human punishment

Reason of Division of Poland

lack of a strong centralized government

Impacts of Renaissance on women

little to no change

Main achieve gn throughly the Treaty of Utrecht

maintaining balance by stopping Louis XIV's expansion

Divine right

monarch doesn't listen to anyone and controls all by being chosen by God

reason for population increase in 18th century

no more bubonic plague and better science

Main differences between northern and Italian art

northern is -focused on religion -everyday life Italian is -Greco-Roman influence

Main point of Principia

proved how the world worked mathematically

Main point of Montesquieu's 'Spirit of Laws'

separation of power

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

seperated lands between Portugal and France

Beliefs in 'Leviathan'

supported absolute monarchy in defense of divine right

Main point of Humanism

the use of classical literary works

Purpose of Edict of Fontainebleau

took power from Huguenots

Main point of "The Prince"

unify Italy under one power