AP Euro Midterm Terminology (Reformation - Huguenots)

Great Schism

(1378-1417) Split that occurred in the Catholic Church; appearance of toe and at times three rival popes. The Schism caused many to question the Church's authority.

Henry VIII

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

Indulgences

(johann tetzel sold them) , Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. If you buy it- all sins relieved

John Calvin

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.

Geneva

A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956

Zwingli

A Swiss religious and social reformer who led the Swiss reformation, rejected papal authority and orthodoxy.

Anabaptist

A member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life. (Insisted only adult baptism conformed to Scripture)

Spiritualists

A radical movement that was made up of mostly isolated individuals distinguished by their disdain of all tradition and institutions. They believed the only religious authority was God's spirit, which spoke occasionally to everyone.

Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Diet of Worms

Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

Diet of Augsburg

Called by Charles V. This meeting of Protestant and Catholic reps assembled to impose a settlement of the religious divisions. Charles V wanted all Lutherans to revert to Catholicism. As a result, the Lutherans formed the Schmalkaldic League.

Benifice system

Church offices granted by the ruler of a state of the pope to an individual. It did not do a great job of getting and requiring priests to live in their respective diocese.

Augsburg Confession

Codification in 1530 of Luther's doctrines as established since time of Diet of Worms and subsequent confinement at Wartburg, 1521-22. Included priesthood of all believers, two sacraments, authority of the bible, justification by faith alone, end to monasticism and celibacy, consubstantiation. Luther's friend, Philip Melancthon, worked on this codification with him. (In short, it was the defining statement of Lutheran belief)

Act of Supremacy

Declaration by Parliament in 1534 that Henry VIII, not the pope, was the head of the church in England

Politics of the Germanic States

Divided into 65 separate free imperial cities, that were ruled by Princes who saw his people as subjects. Caused peasants to feel that Protestant pamphlets about religious freedom were relevant

John Tetzel

Dominican inquisitor; collector of indulgences

Shakespeare

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616), playwright who wrote during the Renaissance

Lollards/Hussites

Followers of John Wycliffe who questioned the supremacy and privileges of the pope and the church hierarchy./Followers of John Huss who questioned Catholic teachings about the Eucharist. They had crusades called against them, but the crusades were unsuccessful. They were granted religious freedom in exchange for being loyal to the church.

Huguenots

French Calvinists made up of ambitious aristocrats and discontented townspeople who opposed the French monarchy. Hoped to establish territorial sovereignty similar to Peace of Augsburg. Served the forces of political decentralization

Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain, tried to keep Europe religiously united

Saint Ignatius Loyola

Leader of Jesuits - pushed for universities, education, human rights

Address to the Christian Nobility

Luther's tract calling on German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and create a German church

Brothers of Common Life

Name the Northern Renaissance group that gathered together laity and clergy in a communal setting for the purpose of religious involvement & knowledge, and established primary schools ultimately attended by both Erasmus & luther and the dogma of the catholic church

Cervantes

Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616), 16th/17th century Spanish author of Don Quixote; wrote on idealistic, but unrealistic outlook of Spanish society in 1600s

Peasant Revolt of 1524-1525

The Peasants' War was a popular revolt in the Holy Roman Empire in the years 1524/1525. It consisted of a series of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and nobles.

Vernacular

The everyday language spoken by the people as opposed to Latin.

Marburg Colloquy

The meeting of Luther and Zwingli to unite their two movements. They failed over the issue of communion. Zwingli believed the Bread and Wine were symbolic. Luther could not go that far.

The Babylon Captivity of the Church

Thousands of Jews taken to Babylon as hostages for good behavior of the rest by King Nebuchadnezzar.

Reformation Parliament

Used by Henry VIII to end pope's power in England, make him head of church and to grant him a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

Schleitheim Confession

a declaration of swiss anabaptist belief; consisted of seven articles: baptism, excommunication, communion, separation from evil, pastors in the church, the Sword and the Oath; no infant baptism, multiple slip-ups in discipline will result in ban, only those who have been baptized can take part in communion; violence not acceptable in any circumstance, no oaths shall be taken because Jesus prohibited them

Freedom of a Christian

luther's emphasis on christian's conscious guidance about deciding what is right and wrong

Antirinitarians

protestants who were exponents of common sense, rational, and ethical religion; opponents of Calvinism (esp. original sin and predestination), now called Unitarians, leader was Michael Servetus

Counter Reformation

the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)