AP Gov Exam 2

When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will not most likely a. Identify with the opposing party b. Identify with the parents' party c. Have a low sense of political efficacy d. Become an independent rather than a party identifier

b. Identify with the parents' party

The passage is most related to which of the following concepts? a. Political partisanship b. Political socialization c. Political ideology d. Political polling

b. Political socialization

Based on the line graph, what percentage of people surveyed attended church weekly in 19907 a. 35% b. 30% c. 25% d. 15%

a. 35%

The agenda-setting function of the media refers to the power to a. endorse specific candidates for political office b. favor the position of one interest group over another c. counter the censorship activities of media watch groups d. decide which issues are important enough to bring to public attention

d. decide which issues are important enough to bring to public attention

One of the principal effects of 9/11 was instilling in Americans a fear that their personal security was at greater risk than ever before. Many aspects of the post-9/11 world are indeed new, but the fear it evokes echoes that felt by prior generations. At times the country has met those fears while still holding fast to its core democratic principles. Other times, fear has overruled American principles, especially the protection of individual freedoms. The most important legacy of the American experience following 9/11 will not be the novelty of fear, but rather how well the country copes with that fear while adhering to its constitutional framework. Given how searing the 9/11 experience was, it is sometimes hard to remember that prior generations of Americans didn't always sleep soundly either. Pearl Harbor is an often-cited example, but it joins many other moments of intense fear in U.S. history. During the 40-plus years of the Cold War, American school children practiced "duck and cover" drills the way today's kids might practice school lock-downs. As a teenager in the 1980s, I joined Sting in hoping we could avert a nuclear holocaust if "the Russians love their children, too." With the collapse of the Soviet Union, other threats in the United States soon appeared: the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, and the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Park bombing, to name just a few. During the 1990s, some in the military liked to refer to the United States as a "homeland sanctuary;" after 9/11, many talk about the end of that sanctuary. True, the country has experienced fewer external threats to its population than most other nations. But it's a misconception to think that the American sense of external threat is new. Kathleen Hicks, "What Will Americans Do About Their Fear of Terrorism?" The Atlantic Monthly, 2016.

This passages refers to the next two questions.

A media organization is interested in reporting election results in a congressional election prior to the final tally of votes which will not occur until later in the evening. The organization randomly selects several polling places across the district asking voters whom they voted for. The type of poll being used in this scenario is known as a. An exit poll b. A benchmark poll c. An opinion poll d. A tracking poll

a. An exit poll

Which best describes a likely reason for the information depicted in the graph? a. An increase in concerns over media bias b. An increase in the median age of the population c. A decrease in the number of media outlets d. A decrease in ideological news coverage

a. An increase in concerns over media bias

A polling firm tried to predict the results of an election by sampling 1,000 adults within a state for two days prior to the election, using landline telephones of likely voters. After the election, the firm found that their poll results were not close to the actual election results. Which of the following recommendations would be the best for the firm to follow in the future? a. Sample people who have cell phones, in addition to those with landlines b. Conduct the survey over a one-day period rather than two days c. Adjust the results if the sample includes more people from one party than another d. Use an internet-based poll that encourages people to vote online for their preferred candidate.

a. Sample people who have cell phones, in addition to those with landlines

Which of the following statements is supported by data in the graph? a. The higher the income, the more likely that the person will support smaller government b. Liberals are less likely than conservatives to support bigger government c. A decrease in income is likely to increase the possibility that a person will obtain a college degree d. Women are more likely than men to be in favor of smaller government and fewer government services

a. The higher the income, the more likely that the person will support smaller government

Using both maps, which of the following best explains how states with the highest corporate tax rates voted in the 2016 election? a. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election. b. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates split their votes between the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, and the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. c. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. d. The maps show that there was no relationship between high corporate tax rates and which candidate a state was likely to vote for in the 2016 election.

a. The maps show that states with the highest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.

A 2017 study in The American Economic Review found that watching Fox News during an election cycle increased a Democrat's chances of voting Republican by 28 percent. Conversely, by watching MSNBC Republicans were more inclined to vote Democrat by 8 percent. This scenario best illustrates which of the following about the media? a. Increased media choices tend to reinforce existing beliefs when citizens are offered ideological choices in programming. b. Cable news programming is oftentimes ideologically driven and effective in persuading citizens to adopt their point of view. c. The consumption of news tends to increase voter participation for Republicans but is less effective in increasing participation for Democrats d. Modern political parties have launched air campaigns to persuade voters by purchasing advertisements on 24-hour news networks.

b. Cable news programming is oftentimes ideologically driven and effective in persuading citizens to adopt their point of view.

Which of the following is a true statement about the role of the media in providing citizens with information? a. Investigative reporting dominates the news because it is less expensive than political commentary b. Demand for instantaneous news reporting has led to the growth of 24-hour news operations and a shift to online media consumption c. The media is increasingly controlled by the major political parties, who determine which stories are covered by the press d. There has been an increase in social media and internet news consumption by the public, causing the top five media conglomerates to have greater control over public opinion

b. Demand for instantaneous news reporting has led to the growth of 24-hour news operations and a shift to online media consumption.

Based on the line graph, which of the following statements about church attendance in 1972 is true? a. In 1972, about 30% of people surveyed reported attending church monthly or less. b. In 1972, more people surveyed reported attending church weekly than reported attending rarely or never. c. In 1972, most people surveyed reported attending church yearly. d. In 1972, more people surveyed reported attending church yearly than reported attending weekly.

b. In 1972, more people surveyed reported attending church weekly than reported attending rarely or never.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of ideological beliefs held by liberals and conservatives? a. Liberal: favors broad federal deregulation to encourage business expansion and job creation; Conservative: favors individual and corporate federal income tax cuts to stimulate economic growth. b. Liberal: favors increases in spending for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; Conservative: favors significant increases in defense and military spending in the federal budget. c. Liberal: favors same-sex marriage equality; Conservative: favors the decision in Roe v. Wade (1973). d. Liberal: favors reduced funding for federal college student loan programs; Conservative: favors more education choice through school vouchers for private and charter schools.

b. Liberal: favors increases in spending for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; Conservative: favors significant increases in defense and military spending in the federal budget.

Using both of the maps, which of the following best explains the role that ideology has played in the shaping of corporate tax rates? a. The maps indicate that there is no correlation between corporate tax rates and a state's ideology b. The maps indicate that states that have high corporate tax rates are more likely to enact liberal policies c. The maps indicate that states with high corporate tax rates are more likely to hold libertarian positions d. The maps indicate that states with high corporate tax rates do not have an ideological preference

b. The maps indicate that states that have high corporate tax rates are more likely to enact liberal policies

Candidates for political office use public opinion polls for all of the following purposes EXCEPT to a. Asses recognition of the candidate's name b. Measure voters' support for the candidate's issues c. Bring the opposition's opinion into alignment with those of the candidate d. Determine an independent rather than a party identifier

c. Bring the opposition's opinion into alignment with those of the candidate

Which of the following statements about Americans' trust in the mass media is best supported by the data in the graph? a. It generally increased over time b. It experienced its largest increase in 2013 c. It generally decreased over time d. It experienced its largest decrease in 2016

c. It generally decreased over time

Which of the following statements is consistent with the data shown in the bar graph? a. Men are more likely than women to believe that there should be an increase in government spending to provide social services for the elderly b. Conservatives are more likely than liberals to believe that spending on public transportation should be increased to connect citizens to employment opportunities c. Republicans are more likely than Democrats to believe that there should be fewer regulations on businesses to promote economic growth and increase wages d. Those with higher incomes are more likely than those with lower incomes to believe that education spending should be a federal responsibility to guarantee that each citizen has an equal chance at success

c. Republicans are more likely than Democrats to believe that there should be fewer regulations on businesses to promote economic growth and increase wages

Which of the following statements accurately explains a limitation of the line graph? a. The line graph does not take into account the views of those who identify as moderate b. It is difficult to tell what the relationship is between ideology and the perception of the Federal Reserve c. The line graph does not illustrate differences along party lines regarding the perception of the Federal Reserve d. It is difficult to tell if there is a relationship between the two survey questions on the Federal Reserve

c. The line graph does not illustrate differences along party lines regarding the perception of the Federal Reserve

Using both of the maps, which of the following best explains how states with the lowest corporate tax rates voted in the 2016 election? a. The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election. b. The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rates had no distinct preference for either the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, or the Republican, Donald Trump. c. The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. d. The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rates were just as likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, as they were for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.

c. The maps show that states with the lowest corporate tax rates were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.

Which of the following best explains how the passage relates to the political process? a. Attacks on United States soil can mobilize the public to act and demand changes to the public policy process. b. Public opinion plays an important role in the development of new security measures to protect the United States from internal and external threats. c. There are important political and cultural events that can cause the development of lasting political beliefs across groups of people in society. d. Citizens judge political leaders on how they react to the internal and external threats faced during their time in office.

c. There are important political and cultural events that can cause the development of lasting political beliefs across groups of people in society.

Which of the following is true about church attendance based on the line graph? a. About 30% of people surveyed in 2010 rarely or never attended church b. About 26% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a month or less c. About 16% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church about once a year d. About 54% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a year or less

d. About 54% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a year or less

On November 2, 2014, a Gallup poll reported that 51 percent of Americans support legalizing marijuana while 47 percent oppose legalization. The reported margin of sampling error was +/- 4 percent. Which of the following inferences can be made from the poll? a. More people support marijuana legalization than oppose it b. More states are passing laws in support of marijuana legalization c. A majority of people under 35 years of age support legalizing marijuana d. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it

d. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it

Which of the following descriptions is the information on the line graph too limited to support? a. The more conservative an individual is, the less likely he or she is to believe that the Federal Reserve helps to stabilize the economy b. The more liberal an individual is, the more likely he or she is to believe that the Federal Reserve helps to stabilize the economy c. About half of those who identify as very liberal believe that the Federal Reserve helped stabilize the economy d. Most who identify as very conservative believe that the Federal Reserve should be abolished

d. Most who identify as very conservative believe that the Federal Reserve should be abolished

Which of the following is the best example of the core value of limited government? a. Interest groups lobbying the government to influence legislation on a particular issue. b. The media covering a confirmation hearing for a potential Supreme Court justice c. Citizens voting to elect a new member of the United States Congress. d. The United States Constitution delegating specific powers to Congress.

d. The United States Constitution delegating specific powers to Congress.

In a public opinion poll, a polling company used an online survey tool to randomly contact respondents who did not have telephone lines in addition to contacting people over the phone. Which of the following best explains this decision? a. The company saved money because it did not need to hire as many telephone interviewers to conduct the poll b. The company was establishing a benchmark poll at the beginning of a campaign c. The company was interested in asking different questions to different individuals d. The company wanted to ensure that the sample of the population was truly random

d. The company wanted to ensure that the sample of the population was truly random

An important Senate race takes place in the state of Georgia. Rather than focus on the issue positions taken by the candidates, a 24-hour cable news station instead focuses primarily on poll results and campaign strategies using a "big board" to show the counties where each candidate has the most support. Which of the following is an effect of this type of news coverage? a. The electorate will be increasingly divided along partisan lines. b. The electorate will be more likely to turn out to vote on Electron day. c. The electorate will be more likely to have expanded knowledge of the electoral process. d. The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.

d. The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election

Which of the following describes the potential impact on the electorate when daily media coverage of elections focuses primarily on the newest poll results? a. The electorate will be increasingly divided along partisan lines. b. The electorate will be less likely to turn out to vote on Election Day. c. The electorate will be more likely to have expanded knowledge of the electoral process. d. The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.

d. The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election.