AP Gov Test 1

what are the reasons that the Articles of Confederation failed?

1. The Central Government lacked sufficient power to enforce the law 2. The Central Government could lay down (levy) taxes, but couldn't collect them 3. There was no executive to enforce the law and no court to punish folks and clarify the law (or determine laws' constitutionality) 4. There was no executive branch 5. The CG could not create a military because they had no tax money

simple majority

1/2 or higher in Senate

AOC written

1777

AOC ratiffied

1781

USA beats british and becomes independent country

1783

constitution written

1787

constitution ratified

1788

BOR ratified

1791

super majority

2/3 or higher in Senate

North/South Compromises

3/5 Compromise and Slave Trade Compromise

Roe v. Wade significance

A massive but not total success for women's right to choose; many women also were able to get into the workforce as they had more options. The Roe decision made state abortion bans unconstitutional—and abortion care legal, more accessible, and safer throughout the country.

Roe V. Wade decision

Abortion is legal at the federal level

Filibuster

An action when a Senator begins a speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly; as long as they're standing up talking, the bill is temporarily stopped

Using the table, identify the president who appointed the highest percentage of women to the federal district courts

Clinton appointed the highest percentage of women to the federal district courts at 28.5%.

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision

Made abortion illegal at the state level as there is no constitutional right to abortion.

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization significance

The Court's decision will likely lead people to travel hundreds and thousands of miles to access abortion care or to carry pregnancies against their will, a grave violation of their human rights.

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization constitutional rationale

The constitution does not support a woman's personal liberty to have an abortion.

Explain how the number and party affiliation of federal district court appointees affect presidential influence and power.

The more appointees that are appointed with the president's political party, the more influence and power the president will have. The appointees that correlate with the president's political party are most likely going to agree with the policies supported by the president, giving the president a greater influence on the federal district court as a whole.

describe a similarity or difference between republican and democratic presidents' nominees to federal district courts with regard to the political party of the people they nominate

The parties are similar in that they have a correlation in the amount of nominees presidents' appoint affiliated with their own political party.

Explain how that similarity or difference affects the judicial decisions of the federal district courts with regard to civil liberties.

The similarity that presidents are more likely to appoint in their own party can affect the judicial decisions because democratic members are going to advocate their own policies while republicans would advocate theirs.

new jersey plan

Unicameral Congress, the number of representatives per state being equal; each state has 2 reps

Big State v. Little State

Virginia plan, Great compromise, NJ plan

sovereignty

a country can rule itself independently and control its borders

republicanism

a form of government where eligible citizens elect representatives to make public policy for them

federal republic

a form of indirect democracy where citizens elect representatives to a legislature and a president; there are 2 levels of power (Central government and state government) but the CENTRAL GOVERNMENT has supremacy of states

confederation democracy

a form of indirect democracy where there are 2 levels of government (central and state) and they share power- the STATES have supremacy of power

presidential system

a form of republic government where the executive is both head of state and head of the government

labor union

a group of workers in a particular industry who band together to negotiate better pay, working conditions, insurance, etc (a type of participatory democracy)

pluralism democracy

a model of democracy in which groups outside the government try to educate people on various issues and affect public policy

elitism democracy

a model of democracy which says the public policy is mostly affected by a few people (rich, powerful, educated)

politics

a system of electing representatives to make public policy

participatory democracy

a system of government that dictates that the largest group of people will create public policy; emphasizes a broad participation in politics and civil society

direct democracy

all eligible citizens make public policy themselves (no representatives are elected to make policy)

3/5 Compromise

allowed slave states to count 3/5 of their slave population towards total population; which gave states more representatives in congress; gave south more power which leads to more influence in public policy

social contract

an agreement between a government and citizens which says that if the gov protects the individual rights of the people, then the people agree to be ruled by the government (if the government overuses their power, citizens can overthrow) -John Locke

jurisdiction

an area of which a court or a law enforcement agency has authority

public policy

any action the government takes on a particular issue

virginia plan

bicameral legislation with the number of representatives per state based on population of state

great compromise

bicameral legislature with a Senate and a House of Representatives; 2 Senators for each state and the number of representatives per state is based on population

indirect democracy

eligible citizens elect representatives to make public policy for them

limited government

government that is limited, doesn't have total control over people, there are checks on the government

civil society

groups that are not in the government but form to influence public policy; more freedom to form a more civil society groups means more democracy religions

parliamentary democracy

has a parliament to make public policy and executive in the legislature; elections are held to elect reps to the parliament; then a member of the majority party is elected as the Prime Minister (i.e. executive) not elected by the people

central government

makes public policy for the whole country (aka national)

regional government

makes public policy just for their particular state

chamber of commerce

organization make of businesses who band together to maximize rules and regulations (public policy) favorable to them

3 models of democracy:

participatory, pluralist, elite

recourse

people that are dissatisfied with a ruling in a SCOTUS case can; 1. vote for reps who will make a law to legalize the issue 2. peaceful protest at state level on referendum on amendment 3. people could elect a president and senators to put justices on the SCOTUS to overturn issue

cloture vote

the 60 votes needed to stop a filibuster so a bill can be voted on

Roe v. Wade constitutional rationale

the Supreme Court recognized that the right to liberty in the Constitution, which protects personal privacy, includes the right to decide whether to continue a pregnancy

natural rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

government

the people and institutions in a country that rule on a day-to-day basis/ runs the economy, makes and enforces rules, protects the country's sovereignty, and interacts with foreign nations

why did the framers make the government bicameral

to create jurisdiction, have an internal check in the legislature, to give equal power to each house, and equally benefit large and small states

popular sovereignty

when the people control the government