AP Gov Test 1
what are the reasons that the Articles of Confederation failed?
1. The Central Government lacked sufficient power to enforce the law 2. The Central Government could lay down (levy) taxes, but couldn't collect them 3. There was no executive to enforce the law and no court to punish folks and clarify the law (or determine laws' constitutionality) 4. There was no executive branch 5. The CG could not create a military because they had no tax money
simple majority
1/2 or higher in Senate
AOC written
1777
AOC ratiffied
1781
USA beats british and becomes independent country
1783
constitution written
1787
constitution ratified
1788
BOR ratified
1791
super majority
2/3 or higher in Senate
North/South Compromises
3/5 Compromise and Slave Trade Compromise
Roe v. Wade significance
A massive but not total success for women's right to choose; many women also were able to get into the workforce as they had more options. The Roe decision made state abortion bans unconstitutional—and abortion care legal, more accessible, and safer throughout the country.
Roe V. Wade decision
Abortion is legal at the federal level
Filibuster
An action when a Senator begins a speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly; as long as they're standing up talking, the bill is temporarily stopped
Using the table, identify the president who appointed the highest percentage of women to the federal district courts
Clinton appointed the highest percentage of women to the federal district courts at 28.5%.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision
Made abortion illegal at the state level as there is no constitutional right to abortion.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization significance
The Court's decision will likely lead people to travel hundreds and thousands of miles to access abortion care or to carry pregnancies against their will, a grave violation of their human rights.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization constitutional rationale
The constitution does not support a woman's personal liberty to have an abortion.
Explain how the number and party affiliation of federal district court appointees affect presidential influence and power.
The more appointees that are appointed with the president's political party, the more influence and power the president will have. The appointees that correlate with the president's political party are most likely going to agree with the policies supported by the president, giving the president a greater influence on the federal district court as a whole.
describe a similarity or difference between republican and democratic presidents' nominees to federal district courts with regard to the political party of the people they nominate
The parties are similar in that they have a correlation in the amount of nominees presidents' appoint affiliated with their own political party.
Explain how that similarity or difference affects the judicial decisions of the federal district courts with regard to civil liberties.
The similarity that presidents are more likely to appoint in their own party can affect the judicial decisions because democratic members are going to advocate their own policies while republicans would advocate theirs.
new jersey plan
Unicameral Congress, the number of representatives per state being equal; each state has 2 reps
Big State v. Little State
Virginia plan, Great compromise, NJ plan
sovereignty
a country can rule itself independently and control its borders
republicanism
a form of government where eligible citizens elect representatives to make public policy for them
federal republic
a form of indirect democracy where citizens elect representatives to a legislature and a president; there are 2 levels of power (Central government and state government) but the CENTRAL GOVERNMENT has supremacy of states
confederation democracy
a form of indirect democracy where there are 2 levels of government (central and state) and they share power- the STATES have supremacy of power
presidential system
a form of republic government where the executive is both head of state and head of the government
labor union
a group of workers in a particular industry who band together to negotiate better pay, working conditions, insurance, etc (a type of participatory democracy)
pluralism democracy
a model of democracy in which groups outside the government try to educate people on various issues and affect public policy
elitism democracy
a model of democracy which says the public policy is mostly affected by a few people (rich, powerful, educated)
politics
a system of electing representatives to make public policy
participatory democracy
a system of government that dictates that the largest group of people will create public policy; emphasizes a broad participation in politics and civil society
direct democracy
all eligible citizens make public policy themselves (no representatives are elected to make policy)
3/5 Compromise
allowed slave states to count 3/5 of their slave population towards total population; which gave states more representatives in congress; gave south more power which leads to more influence in public policy
social contract
an agreement between a government and citizens which says that if the gov protects the individual rights of the people, then the people agree to be ruled by the government (if the government overuses their power, citizens can overthrow) -John Locke
jurisdiction
an area of which a court or a law enforcement agency has authority
public policy
any action the government takes on a particular issue
virginia plan
bicameral legislation with the number of representatives per state based on population of state
great compromise
bicameral legislature with a Senate and a House of Representatives; 2 Senators for each state and the number of representatives per state is based on population
indirect democracy
eligible citizens elect representatives to make public policy for them
limited government
government that is limited, doesn't have total control over people, there are checks on the government
civil society
groups that are not in the government but form to influence public policy; more freedom to form a more civil society groups means more democracy religions
parliamentary democracy
has a parliament to make public policy and executive in the legislature; elections are held to elect reps to the parliament; then a member of the majority party is elected as the Prime Minister (i.e. executive) not elected by the people
central government
makes public policy for the whole country (aka national)
regional government
makes public policy just for their particular state
chamber of commerce
organization make of businesses who band together to maximize rules and regulations (public policy) favorable to them
3 models of democracy:
participatory, pluralist, elite
recourse
people that are dissatisfied with a ruling in a SCOTUS case can; 1. vote for reps who will make a law to legalize the issue 2. peaceful protest at state level on referendum on amendment 3. people could elect a president and senators to put justices on the SCOTUS to overturn issue
cloture vote
the 60 votes needed to stop a filibuster so a bill can be voted on
Roe v. Wade constitutional rationale
the Supreme Court recognized that the right to liberty in the Constitution, which protects personal privacy, includes the right to decide whether to continue a pregnancy
natural rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
government
the people and institutions in a country that rule on a day-to-day basis/ runs the economy, makes and enforces rules, protects the country's sovereignty, and interacts with foreign nations
why did the framers make the government bicameral
to create jurisdiction, have an internal check in the legislature, to give equal power to each house, and equally benefit large and small states
popular sovereignty
when the people control the government