AP Government Chapter 15

The __________ theory of bureaucracies focuses on the loosely organized and loosely run nature of bureaucracies, their ambling and groping nature, and their use of trial and error.

Garbage Can

A government organization that provides a service that could be provided by the private sector, and typically charge for its services.

Government corporation

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

Hatch Act

Federal employees are prohibited from active participation in partisan politics through the

Hatch Act.

The General Services Administration and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration are examples of

Independent executive agencies.

The government not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations. Its administrators are appointed by the president, and serve at his pleasure.

Independent executive agency

The Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Reserve Board are examples of

Independent regulatory agencies.

A government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest.

Independent regulatory commission

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

Iron Triangles

Once a policy decision has been made, such as by passing a legislative act or issuing an executive order, the bureaucracy is responsible for

Its implemenation.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that policy implementation sometimes breaks down in the federal bureaucracy?

Lack of standard operating procedures.

Each of the following is a criticism of regulation EXCEPT that it

Lowers prices.

The classic conception of a bureaucracy was advanced by __________ , who argued that the bureaucracy was a "rational" way for a modern society to conduct its business.

Max Weber

The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government.

Office of Personal Management.

A government job that is given for political reasons rather than for merit.

Patronage

The __________ Act was passed partly as a memorial to the memory of President James Garfield, who was assassinated in 1881.

Pendleton Civil Service

Passed in 1883, and Act that created a federal civil service system so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit.

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Which of the following statements about plum book appointees is FALSE?

Plum book appointees are often instrumental in changing and reforming their agencies.

The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector.

Regulation

Congress tries to control the bureaucracy through

Rewriting laws and budgets and holding hearings.

Standard operating procedures

Save time and bring uniformity to complex organizations.

These procedures are used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations.

Standard operating procedures

Executive orders are issued by

The President.

Until the late-nineteenth century, most government employees got their jobs through

The patronage system.

In the case of Munn v. Illinois, decided in 1877, the U.S. Supreme Court

Upheld the right of government to regulate the business operations of a firm.

A schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience.

GS (General Schedule) rating

Issue networks are

A growing participatory force in bureaucratic decision making whose members' interest in issues is intellectual or emotional rather than material.

An "iron triangle" is also referred to as

A subgovernment.

The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem.

Administrative discretion

__________ is the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem.

Administrative discretion

A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality.

Bureaucracy

The acquisitive, monopolistic model views bureaucracies as

Busily maximizing their budgets and expanding their powers.

A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle.

Civil service

Regulation originating from the executive branch.

Executive orders

Which of the following statements about bureaucracies is FALSE?

Each bureaucratic agency is created by the President.