ap hug multiple choice

which of the following does NOT act as a centrifugal force for a state A. uneven development B. substate nationalism C. linguistic homogeneity D. a fragmented territorial base E. a strong tradition of local governance

C

which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China's antinatalist one-child policy? A. a dramatic reduction of the birth rate and decline of the rate of natural increase, resulting in lower population growth. B. Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population. C. a projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost for older people. D. decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity. E. a decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competiveness

C

Center pivot irrigation. systems are often used to water crops in semi-arid areas of the United States. Which of the following is a detrimental effect directly caused by this practice? A. salinization of soil B. compaction of soil C. Agricultural runoff into aquifers D. soil pollution caused by pesticides E. depletion of soil nutrients caused by overwatering

A

During the 19th and 20th centuries which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide? A. rural to urban B. urban to suburban C. inland to coastal D. highland to lowland E. urban to rural

A

In the United States and Canada which area unit best approximates a city neighborhood in size? A. a census tract B. a county C. a municipality D. a congressional district E. a metropolitan area

A

The reason for the concentration of copper smelters, refineries, and foundries close to Arizona's copper mines is that copper production is A. a bulk reducing industry B. bulk gaining industry C. dependent on dry climate conditions D. attracted to low cost migrant labor E oriented to the large southern california market

A

The spread of specialty coffee shops across the United States in the 1990s is an example of A. hierarchical diffusion B. contagious diffusion C. stimulus diffusion D. periodic movement E. relocation diffusion

A

Which of the following environmental problems is most associated with the African Sahel A. desertification B. deforestation C. air pollution D. flooding E. water pollution

A

which of the following best explains the importance of climate to agricultural practices? A. midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat farming in the United States and China. B. Agricultural crops are successful only in midlatitude climates, where any crop can be grown. C. Tropical climates support plant-based agriculture, but animal-based agriculture is not successful in tropical areas. D. The sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid climates does not support animal-based agriculture E. cold midlatitude climates are associated with plantation agriculture and pastoral nomadism

A

The map above represents what kind of projection? A. a mercator projection with distorted land areas. B. A planar projection with. diverging lines at the pole C. a homolosine projection with continuity of landmasses D. a robinson projection with distortions at the equator

A. Mercator projection with distorted land areas

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion. B. parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe C. the grid system is two-dimensional while the real world is three-dimensional D. Earth is not a perfect sphere E. latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

Compared to the patterns shown in urban models of the United States and Canada, the Latin American city model best explains which of the following patterns? A. manufacturing districts are adjacent to the center of the city B. income levels and land values in crease toward the center of the city and along the spine C. plazas are increasingly being built along peripheral areas D. squatter settlements are rapidly shrinking in the periphery and increasing in the central city E. gentrification has greatly improved housing along peripheral areas

B

Locational advantages important to the development of the earliest cities included A. availability of good harbors for large ships B. productive agricultural land and defensible sites C. temperate climate and proximity to coal mines D. good connections by road and canal E. proximity to manufacturing areas

B

Which of the following best describes the process of gentrification in United States and Canadian cities? A. an increase in construction of new housing for elderly and retired persons B. privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings C. government led planing of public spaces such as parks and riverfronts D. the sale of naming rights for stadiums and arenas E. the expansion of suburban housing developments on the urban periphery

B

Which of the following is a true statement about classical models of city structure? A. the concentric zone model does not have a transitional area B. the sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns C. the central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model D. the multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only once core E. the interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model

B

Which of the following profiles characterizes the population group that is most likely to migrate A. married, twenty-five years old B. single, twenty-five years old C. married, fifty years old D. single, fifty years old E. married, sixty-five years old

B

Why have many family farms in North America been replaced by agribusiness farms since the 1980s? A. a decrease in the consumption of meat has resulted in less demand for cattle, which are mainly raised on family farms. B. agribusiness farms have the resources to take advantage of economies of scale C. little available land for pasture farming h as resulted in more concentrated. agribusiness farms, which have greater access to advanced technology. D. more interest in genetically modified foods has led to an increase in agribusiness which have greater access to advanced technology. E. water shortages in regions where family farms were once common have led to a rise in agribusinesses in regions with more favorable climates

B

Women played a crucial role in the domestication of plants because they A. were interested in varying the diets of their families B. were engaged in collecting plants resources C. were agile climbers on the hillsides of the Fertile Crescent D. knew how to achieve control over their environment E. traveled long distances from their home base

B

The ability of a resource base to sustain its population A. support ratio B. carrying capacity C. subsistence limit D. basic employment E. population pressure

B carrying capacity

Since the 1970s changes in the social roles, lifestyles, and employment patterns of women in Europe, Canada, and the United States have affected the overall population through which of the following? A. increased total fertility B. decreased total fertility rates C. increased death rates D. decreased death rates E. increased infant mortality

B decreased total fertility rates

According to the theory of environmental determinism which of the following areas would have the most productive settlements? A. tropical regions B. temperate regions C. mountainous regions D. Arctic regions E. Arid regions

B. temperate regions

A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because Florida is closer and the plane fare is cheaper. This type of decision-making best illustrates the concept of A. human capital B. time space compression C. intervening opportunities D. rank size rule E. central place theory

C

An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as A. the megalopolis B. a conurbation C. a primate city D. an edge city E. an imperial city

C

Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil used in processing packaged food products, is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree, grown only in the tropics. Which of the following explains how global demand for palm oil has proved beneficial and detrimental for countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia? A. palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but increased government subsidies to palm oil farmers led to an increased poverty in the two countries B. palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the process led to high rates of unemployment for farmworkers at harvest time C. palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries D. palm oil exports provided increased income to the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia, but the number of farmers employed on palm oil plantations decreased in the two countries E. palm oil exports aided in increasing the wealth of the two countries but also increased the diversity of plants in the two countries

C

Production of agricultural products that destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather for market is called A. plantation farming B. hunting and gathering C. subsistence agriculture D. sedentary cultivation E. shifting-field agriculture

C

Squatter. settlements exist in cities of less developed countries because A. city governments set aside vacant areas for new migrants B. people want to live near the center of the city where jobs are located C. affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city D. new migrants prefer to live in squatter settlements with other recent migrants E. new migrants need to be isolated from other city residents until they adjust to urban life

C

There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration? A. a large rural to urban population shift within Syria. B. a continuing rise in employment for asylum seekers in the European Union C. continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria D. the tightening of asylum policies by the European Union E. the tightening of guest- worker policies by the European Union

C

cultural landscape can be defined as A. the types of art, music, dance, and theater practiced in a particular region B. the ways that people in differing cultures perceive the environment C. the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans D. the diversity of distinctive cultures within a particular geographic area E. a particular area within a geographic region dedicated to cultural activities.

C

sheep production in New Zealand and poultry production in Arkansas produce food animals for human consumption. Which of the following best describes the differences in agricultural practices and land use for these products A. sheep production is an example of intensive agriculture requiring large amounts of fertilizer, whereas poultry production is an example of extensive agriculture practiced mainly in more developed countries. B. sheep production and poultry production are both examples of extensive agriculture practiced on large areas of land, but requiring different climates. C. sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture requiring large pastures, whereas poultry production is an example of intensive agriculture often practiced indoors D. sheep production and poultry production are both examples of intensive agriculture practiced on small areas of land but requiring different amounts of labor and capital. E. sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture that is declining because of an insufficient supply of open land, whereas poultry production continues to be practiced on small areas of land.

C

which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication? A. animals were domesticated before plants and diffused rapidly from they were hearth of domestication through contagious diffusion because they were mobile and moved easily from place to place. B. Domesticated plants spread through wind-borne dispersal of seeds from their original hearth, expanding slowly until a vast region was covered with new plants. C. both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism. D. the diffusion of plants and animals was limited to areas close to each hearth of domestication because the newly developed plants and animals could not readily adapt to different soil types. E. the diffusion of plants and animals was dependent on nomadic traders who traveled between agricultural villages because early farmers were sedentary and did not travel to other areas .

C

which of the following best represents the concept of nation-state in its internal cultural-political makeup and spatial organization A. Iran B. South Africa C. Japan D. New Zealand E. Argentina

C

A formal region defines an area in which A. a core dominates its surrounding hinterland B. a transportation network links with different types of land use C.. there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics D. there are significant geographic variations in physical or human characteristics E. a unified government system has been established

C there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics

Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? A. China birth rate = 13 death rate = 7 B. Democratic Republic of the Congo birth rate = 4 death rate = 10 C. Bolivia birth rate = 24 death rate =7 D. Ivory coast birth rate= 37, death rate = 13 E. Hungary Birth rate = 10 death rate =13

C. Bolivia birth rate = 24 death rate = 7

which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth? A. maps showing the area of France before and after surveying B. maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelers. C. Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state. D. Maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the Depression E. Maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

C. Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state

physiological density differs from crude population density in that physiological density A. examines only the population of cities, while the crude density includes the population of cities and rural areas. B. is a measure of how density is perceived, while crude density is a measure of specific density C. explains density in terms of people per arable square unit, which crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit D. explains the density of a single housing unit while crude density explains the density of a group of houses. E. the number of people per housing unit, while crude density is the number of people per square mile .

C. explains density in terms of people per arable square unit, which crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit.

A formal culture region differs from other regions in that it A. has a focal point or node B. is one that people believe exists C. has a selected feature or internal uniformity D. does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphere E. applies only to linguistic and religion regions

C. has a selected feature or internal uniformity

Economic activities that involve the extraction of natural resources such as lumbering, fishing, mining, and agriculture are called A. subsistence activities B. organic activities C. secondary economic activity D. primary economic activity E. tertiary economic activity

D

The multiple nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to A. small cities B. traditional cities C. Latin American cities D. newer, fast-growing cities E. cities with homogenous land use

D

In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes. A. Nepal B. Peru C. The Philippines D. Niger E. Greece

D

Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in less developed country resulting in the aging population in that country? A. an increase in the country's birth rate B. rural to urban migration within the country C. improvements in transportation and communication networks D. improvements in access to health care and sanitation E. an decrease in the country's total fertility rate

D

All of the following arguments are cited by critics of megastores EXCEPT that megastores are A. destroy locally owned stores B. homogenize the landscape C. increase traffic and congestion D. conform to the distinctiveness of a region E. are outsiders with no stake in the community

D. conform to the distinctiveness of a region

the "why of where" refers to A. geography's emphasis on landscape features B. spatial patterns on the landscape C. a definition of geography that is simply locational D. the idea that the explanation of spatial pattern is crucial E. the depiction of a region's physical features.

D. the idea that the explanation of spatial pattern is crucial

All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American cities EXCEPT A. blockbusting and racial steering B. redlining by financial institutions C. concentration of public housing and social services D. fixed school district boundaries E. economic enterprise zones

E

Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its population's need for food. Which of the following best explains this change A. the elimination of poverty in India's rural regions B. the use of genetically modified seeds C. the increase in microloans programs that provide farmers with credit D. the use of large farm tractors and combine harvesters E. the use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals

E

In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in A. the informal sector B. regional centers and small towns where fax machines are used C. the field, close to the sources of agricultural production D. national capitals because of the increasing importance of the nation state E. major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo

E

The early stages of the core-periphery model describe the A. relationship between the outward appearance of a place and its internal functioning B. ways that suburban workers commute to urban workplaces C. relationship between the underlying structure of a society and its outward expressions D. social and cultural differences between urban and rural people E. relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas

E

The number of functions in a central place is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT the A. population of the central place B. population of the market area C. size of the market area D. distance to a place with similar functions E. total number of central places in the urban system

E

Which of the following activities is most likely to be found in the outermost zone of von thuen's model of agricultural land use? A. mixed farming B. subsistence farming C. speciality farming D. dairying and market gardening E. extensive grain or stock raising

E

which of the following is the land survey system shown in the satellite image A. multiple nuclei B. suburban subdivision C. long lots D. metes and bounds E. township and range

E

which of the following is the primary assumption of environmental determinism. A. human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment B. the physical environment has little influence on humans. C. Humans have complete control over the physical environment D. Many humans adaptations are possible within a specific physical environment. E. The physical environment controls human culture.

E the physical environment controls human culture.

The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to A. re-create the pre 1912 boundary of Quebec B. recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area C. facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories D. grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in the eastern Canada. E. guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

b

Which of the following best explains a political-economic weakness or limitation of of Rostow's stages of economic growth? A. the model does not hold up to modern times because essentially all countries around the world have moved through Rostow's economic growth as expected B. Rostow made the inaccurate assumption that all countries want modernization as defined in the model and would pass through the stages in order C. according to Rostow, countries will become less dependent on the sales of their commodities as they advance D. some critics claim commodities were exchanged between core and periphery areas well before modern times E. the states as defined by Rostow are not useful because sustainability is not addressed

b

a world map of hog production per capita would reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions? A. the united states midwest B. southeast asia C. western europe D. the middle east E. china

d