AP Human Geography Agriculture
Dairying
A class of agricultural enterprise, used for long-term production of milk from animals like cows, goats and sheep
Mediterranean Agriculture
A form of agriculture that takes place along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers much expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
Shifting Cultivation
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left alone for relatively long periods
Cereal Grain
A grass yielding grain for food
Sustainable Agriculture
A method of agriculture that attempts to ensure the profitability of farms while preserving the environment
Carl Sauer
A professor who mapped out the agricultural origins of both vegetative and seed agriculture
Commercial Agriculture
Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
Genetic Engineering
Altering the genetic material of plants and animals
Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership or large corporations
Desertification
Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting
Quaternary
Digital services such as eBay and Amazon and cell phone services where the service isn't tangible
Feedlot
Farms that specialize in cattle or hogs, and they may have thousands of head
Tertiary
Involve the service sectors of the economy. People are involved in selling commodities rather than producing them
Nomadic Herding
It involves moving animals on a seasonal basis to areas that have the necessary resources to meet the needs of the heard
Von Thunen
Made the Agricultural Location Model
Seed Agriculture
Means taking seeds from existing plants and planting them to produce new plants
Truck Farm
Refers to a farm where farmers produce fruits for the market
Vegetative Agriculture
Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
Farm Crisis
Term used to describe times of agricultural recession, low crop prices and low farm incomes that can lead to farm bankruptcy
Green Revolution
The Third Agricultural Revolution which corresponded with the exponential population growth around the world
Transhumance
The action or practice of moving livestock form one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle
Milkshed
The area surrounding a cuty from which milk is supplied
Interlillage
The clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, and other manual equipment
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a potion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain
Biotechnology
The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes
Horticulture
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
Double Cropping
The growing of two crops per year to double the harvest
Market Gardening
The growing of vegetables or flowers for markets
Core/periphery
The idea that core countries rely on periphery countries for their raw materials or agricultural products
Secondary
The industrial sectors of the economy. Uses the raw materials from Primary to make products for trading or selling
Grain Farming
The mass planting and harvesting of grain crops
Agricultural Location Model
The model constructed by Von Thunen which shows that the center of a city is dairy and market gardening, forest, grains and field crops, and the outer ring is ranching *Von Thunen also has a formula to figure out the maximum amount a farmer could pay for using the land without losing profit
Growing Season
The part of the year during which rainfall and temperature allow plants to grow
Crop rotation
The planting of different types of crops each year to replenish the soil with nutrients used up by the previous crop
Food Chain
The process of food getting harvested then sent to the market area, then to a producer which makes it into a product then is sold to a wholesaler who sells it to a grocery store, who sells it to people
First Agricultural Revolution
The transition to hunting and gathering which happened about 8,000-5,000 BC
Plant Domestication
To adapt a plant to be used by humans
Slash and Burn Agriculture
To cut down crops and fields and burn the debris for new crops
Livestock Ranching
To use the most land per farm of any of the zones in the Von Thunen model
Second Agricultural Revolution
Use the technology provided by the Industrial Revolution as a means to increase production and distribution of products
Staple Grains
Wheat, barley, millet and other grain products
Hunting and Gathering
When a group is able to support itself by fishing or hunting and gathering fruits and vegetables
Plantation Agriculture
When cash crops are grown on large estates
Mixed Livestock and Crop Agriculture
When cows are raised for meat and other products and are fed with crops grown on the same farm
Subsistence Agriculture
When farmers produce food that they need to survive on a daily basis
Animal Domestication
When nomads started to domesticate animals to either hunt along with them or be used for livestock
Aquaculture
When people have a "fish farm" meaning that they keep a population of fish on a certain amount of land and raise them to be sold
Suitcase Farming
When someone owns and operates a farm but lives somewhere else
Primary
When subsistence farming using hunting and gathering techniques or pastoral nomadism are used
Agriculture Industrialization
the mechanization of the farming process to increase productivity and profits
